20.500.12556/RUL-95709 Vzroki nenadnega propada marelic (Prunus armeniaca L.) v prvih letih po sajenju Causes of sudden decline of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) in first years after plantinG Propad marelic v prvih letih po sajenju je eden izmed večjih problemov v večini držav, kjer se marelice gojijo. To velja predvsem na področjih, kjer klima ni idealna za gojenje marelice, kamor spada tudi Slovenija. Najbolj pogost pojav je kap ali apopleksija. To je nenaden propad vej ali celega drevesa zaradi več vzrokov, predvsem kombinacije stresa zaradi neugodnih okoljskih razmer, kot so prevelika vlaga, pozeba, rane zaradi nepravilne rezi ali pa zaradi spomladanskega menjavanja hladnega in toplejšega vremena. Zaradi nizkih temperatur spomladi velikokrat razpoka deblo ter veje, na teh mestih pa v drevo vstopajo različni povzročitelji bolezni, kot so bakterije in glive. Najbolj znane so bakterije iz rodu Pseudomonas, glive iz rodu Phytophthora in Cytospora, ki zamašijo floem in ksilem, ter mnogi drugi povzročitelji. Poleg bolezni, povezanih z apopleksijo, poznamo tudi druge, npr. razne vrste gnilob, listno luknjičavost koščičarjev (Stigmina carpophila). Vzroki za propad so lahko tudi v neprimernem zraščanju podlage in sorte, ali pa v neprimerni legi in neprimernih tleh. Rešitev, ki bi omogočile enostavno gojenje marelic še ni na voljo, v postopku žlahtnjenja pa poskušajo pridobiti čim več tolerantnih in odpornih sort, predvsem na neprimerne okoljske razmere. The decline of apricots in first years after planting is one of the major problems in most countries where apricots are grown, mostly in areas with unfavorable weather conditions, including Slovenia. The most common phenomenon is apoplexy of apricots, that is sudden dieback of branches or whole tree because of different causes, mostly a combination of stress because of too high moisture, frost, wounds due to incorrect pruning or spring oscillation of high and low temperatures. Because of low temperatures in spring, trunk and branches often crack, and in these places different pathogens enter the tree, such as bacteria and fungi. Most known are bacteria from genus Pseudomonas, genus Phytophthora, fungus from genus Cytospora, which plug phloem and xylem, and many others. Besides diseases, connected with apoplexy, there are also others, different species of rots, shot hole disease (Stigmina carpophila). The cause of decline can also be due to incompatibility between scion and rootstock, the inappropriate location of the orchard, unsuitable soil. There are not any successful technological solutions available yet, and in the process of breeding they try to get as more tolerant and resistant trees as possible. sadjarstvo marelica propadanje dreves bolezni rastlin varstvo rastlin fruit growing apricot tree decline plant diseases plant protection true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2017-09-21 07:57:41 2017-09-21 07:57:41 2022-08-10 06:46:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2017 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 144654 1363.pdf 1363.pdf 1 531A9039BA1A3E2D3CE283A89D7A42F7 70f7d3f6d4d224883504702fc41046de2c822ae89ba84b06ccafecab695472c6 d3935822-a1b3-11eb-a523-00155dcfd717 20.500.12556/rul/d93083f9-2d25-4021-8495-3c74acf4985a https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=104339 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0