20.500.12556/RUL-190878 Clinical pharmacist prescriber in primary care in Slovenia prospective non-randomised interventional study focused on clinical outcomes and quality of life Introduction: Clinical pharmacist prescribers in primary care settings and their impact on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical outcomes have not been described outside English-speaking countries. Aim: The aim of this prospective interventional pilot study was to assess the impact of pharmacist prescribers on clinical results and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), while describing their development, evaluation, and implementation in Slovenia. Methods: This prospective, 6-month, interventional, non-randomised study started in November 2024 and concluded in June 2025 in four primary care settings in Slovenia. Clinical pharmacists reviewed medications of patients and additionally prescribed medications based on the Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA). In this process, they cooperated with patients and general practitioners (GPs). Only patients with an established diagnosis for selected non-communicable chronic conditions were included. The primary outcomes were changes in PROs, including quality of life (assessed via EQ-5D-VAS), and the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). Secondary outcomes included the prescription acceptance rate by GPs (percentage) and adherence to treatment guidelines. Tertiary outcomes involved the number of prescriptions that met the predefined clinical outcomes. Results: The study included 119 patients, with a mean age of 72.3 years (SD = 10.0). Quality of life improved from 63.6/100 (SD = 18.7) at baseline to 71.4/100 (SD = 15.9) at the end of the study (p = 0.000), with a corresponding QALY difference of 0.0252. The effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.448 (95% CI: 0.084 to 0.812. The number needed to treat (NNT) was 4.0. During the study, clinical pharmacists prescribed 264 prescriptions to 119 patients, resulting in an acceptance rate of 91.3%. Adherence to treatment guidelines improved significantly (29.8% vs. 90.9%; p = 0.000). The effect size, expressed as an odds ratio (OR), was 25.7 (95% CI: 15.6-42.4). The number of prescriptions achieving the predefined clinical outcomes was significantly higher at the end of the study (70.8% vs. 6.4%; p = 0.000), with an OR of 33.9 (95% CI: 19.1-60.4). Deprescribing accounted for 25.3% of all protocols. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that prescriptions made by clinical pharmacists in collaboration with GPs, as specified in the CPA, improved PROs and clinical outcomes for predefined conditions. clinical pharmacy family medicine medicationreview pharmacist prescriber primary care klinična farmacija družinska medicina pregled zdravil farmacevt ki predpisuje zdravila primarna zdravstvena oskrba true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-11-06 08:07:11 2026-11-06 08:07:22 2026-11-07 04:23:18 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 13 str. art. 1690480 Vol. 16 Sep. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 614 1663-9812 10.3389/fphar.2025.1690480 251614979 RAZ_Stuhec_Matej_2025.pdf RAZ_Stuhec_Matej_2025.pdf 1 5A2954056216E07ECC12404B91E564F7 337c9f7743d88b7a83001d9f7168d32809ef3c6f7c20f1bf0983e41aa9de55f2 24a25161-d9b2-11f1-aea2-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=252639 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1690480/full 1 a355c68a-d9b0-11f1-aea2-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=252638 Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0