20.500.12556/RUL-190781 Bakterijska vaginoza v nosečnosti diplomsko delo Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy diploma work Uvod: Bakterijska vaginoza je najpogostejša vaginalna okužba pri ženskah v rodni dobi in predstavlja velik klinični izziv, še posebej v nosečnosti, saj povečuje tveganje za prezgodnji porod, nizko porodna težo in okužbe maternice. Gre za neravnovesje vaginalne mikrobiote, pri katerem prevladajo anaerobne bakterije, kot so Gardnerella vaginalis in Atopobium vaginae, zaradi česar se zmanjša število zaščitnih laktobacilov. Čeprav pogosto poteka asimptomatsko, lahko pravočasno prepoznavanje in ustrezno zdravljenje bakterijske vaginoze prepreči resne zaplete za nosečnico in plod. Namen: Namen in cilj diplomskega dela je proučiti dejavnike tveganja za nastanek bakterijske vaginoze, raziskati možnosti zdravljenja bakterijske vaginoze v nosečnosti in ugotoviti, ali bakterijska vaginoza vpliva na izid poroda. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela, ki temelji na sistematičnem pregledu in sintezi strokovne in znanstvene literature. Uporabljena literatura ni bila stara več kot deset let. Izvedena je bila analiza pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature ter rezultatov raziskav, ki smo jih predstavili s pomočjo PRIZMA diagrama. Rezultati: Rezultati sistematičnega pregleda literature so pokazali, da so najpogostejši dejavniki tveganja za pojav bakterijske vaginoze v nosečnosti povezani z vedenjskimi, socialnimi in reproduktivnimi dejavniki, med katere sodijo kajenje, menjava spolnih partnerjev, tvegano spolno vedenje in izpiranje nožnice. Bakterijska vaginoza je povezana z večjim tveganjem za neugodne izide nosečnosti, kot so predvsem prezgodnji porod, prezgodnji razpok plodovih ovojev in nizka porodna teža novorojenčka. Glede zdravljenja so rezultati večine vključenih raziskav podprli uporabo klindamicina, medtem ko so bile ugotovitve o učinkovitosti metronidazola manj enotne. Raziskave so pokazale tudi možne koristi sočasne uporabe probiotikov ob ustreznem časovnem razmiku med jemanjem antibiotikov in probiotikov. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati sistematičnega pregleda literature so pokazali, da je bakterijska vaginoza v nosečnosti povezana z večjim tveganjem za neugodne izide nosečnosti. Pri zdravljenju so se ugotovitve glede učinkovitosti klindamicina in metronidazola razlikovale, zato ni mogoče določiti, kateri antibiotik je v posameznih okoliščinah učinkovitejši. Poudarjen je bil tudi pomen zdravstveno vzgojnega dela, zgodnjega prepoznavanja in ustrezne obravnave bakterijske vaginoze. Zaključujemo, da so potrebne dodatne kakovostne raziskave za oblikovanje enotnejših smernic za preventivo, presejanje in zdravljenje bakterijske vaginoze v nosečnosti ter za zmanjševanje tveganja za neugodne izide nosečnosti. Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age and represents a major clinical challenge, particularly during pregnancy, as it increases the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and uterine infections. It is characterised by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, in which anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae, predominate, resulting in a reduction in the number of protective lactobacilli. Although bacterial vaginosis is often asymptomatic, its timely detection and appropriate treatment can help prevent serious complications for both the pregnant woman and the foetus. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the risk factors for bacterial vaginosis, explore treatment options for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy, and determine whether bacterial vaginosis affects birth outcomes. Methods: A descriptive research approach was used, based on a systematic review and synthesis of professional and scientific literature. The literature included was published within the previous ten years. Scientific and professional literature and research findings were analysed, and the results of the selection process were presented using a PRISMA flow diagram. Results: The results of the systematic literature review showed that the most common risk factors for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy are associated with behavioural, social, and reproductive factors, including smoking, changing sexual partners, risky sexual behaviour, and vaginal douching. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly preterm birth, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, and low birth weight. Regarding treatment, most of the included studies supported the use of clindamycin, whereas findings on the effectiveness of metronidazole were less consistent. The studies also indicated potential benefits of using probiotics alongside antibiotics, provided that an appropriate time interval is maintained between their administration. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the systematic literature review showed that bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings regarding the effectiveness of clindamycin and metronidazole varied; therefore, it is not possible to determine which antibiotic is more effective in all circumstances. The importance of health education, early detection, and appropriate management of bacterial vaginosis was also emphasised. Further high-quality research is needed to develop more consistent guidelines for the prevention, screening, and treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy and to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. diplomska dela babištvo bakterijska vaginoza nosečnost zdravljenje probiotiki dejavniki tveganja diploma theses midwifery bacterial vaginosis pregnancy treatment probiotics risk factors true false false [L. Janžekovič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-11-04 07:45:55 2026-11-04 07:46:05 2026-11-06 04:29:18 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana VIII, 32 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 618.2/.7 171198 303799299 68372.pdf 68372.pdf 1 EF6F4026804CF57A7343F8F442FF9DBD c3d0745f182693d623c68aa9440bbf28d38e598a35f6dbd47a4727b956428e44 578b2f4d-d81b-11f1-aea2-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=252417 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0