20.500.12556/RUL-188693 Vpliv PFOS in mineralnega gnojila na preživetje, embrionalni razvoj, imunski odziv ter oksidativni stres pri mladicah šarenke (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Effects of PFOS and mineral fertilizer on survival, embryonic development, immune response, and oxidative stress in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) V raziskavi smo ovrednotili vpliv perfluorooktansulfonske kisline (PFOS), mineralnega gnojila NPK in njune kombinacije na preživetje, embrionalni razvoj ter molekularni odziv šarenke (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Oplojene ikre petih samic smo izpostavili PFOS (0–2000 ng/mL), NPK (0–150 µg/mL) in njunim kombinacijam. Spremljali smo preživetje, dnevno umrljivost, razvoj, izvalitev in razvojne nepravilnosti. Z metodo kvantitativne PCR po reverzni transkripciji (RT-qPCR) smo pri izvaljenih mladicah določili relativno izražanje genov gpx1α, gpx1β, tnf-α in il-1β. Najizrazitejšo neposredno fiziološko obremenitev je povzročil NPK, zlasti pri 150 µg/mL, ko so bili pogostejši odmiranje iker, razvojne nepravilnosti in neuspešna izvalitev. Obremenitev je bila posebej izrazita pri kombinaciji 200 ng/mL PFOS in 150 µg/mL NPK. PFOS ni povzročil enostavnega koncentracijsko odvisnega zmanjšanja preživetja; navidezno višjo preživelost v nekaterih skupinah so spremljali razvojno zaostajanje, zmanjšana vitalnost in zakasnjena izvalitev. Molekularni odziv ni bil enoten in se je razlikoval med samicami. Pri samici D se je ob 50 µg/mL NPK z višanjem PFOS zmanjšalo izražanje genov gpx1α in gpx1β, podoben vzorec pa smo opazili pri tnf-α; pri il-1β statistično značilnih razlik nismo ugotovili. Zaradi razlik med samicami enotnega sinergističnega učinka obeh stresorjev nismo potrdili. Rezultati kažejo, da samo preživetje ne zajame vseh posledic izpostavljenosti, zato jih je treba vrednotiti s povezovanjem razvojnih, fizioloških in molekularnih kazalnikov. This study evaluated the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), NPK mineral fertilizer, and their combinations on survival, embryonic development, and molecular responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fertilized eggs obtained from five females were exposed to PFOS (0–2000 ng/mL), NPK (0–150 µg/mL), and their combinations. Survival, daily mortality, development, hatching, and developmental abnormalities were monitored. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the relative expression of the gpx1α, gpx1β, tnf-α, and il-1β genes in hatched larvae. NPK caused the most pronounced direct physiological stress, particularly at 150 µg/mL, which was associated with increased egg mortality, developmental abnormalities, and hatching failure. The physiological stress was especially pronounced in the group exposed to 200 ng/mL PFOS and 150 µg/mL NPK. PFOS did not cause a simple concentration-dependent decrease in survival; the apparently higher survival observed in some groups was accompanied by developmental delay, reduced vitality, and delayed hatching. Molecular responses were not uniform and differed among females. In female D, increasing PFOS concentrations in the presence of 50 µg/mL NPK reduced the expression of gpx1α and gpx1β, with a similar pattern observed for tnf-α; no statistically significant differences were detected for il1β. Owing to the differences among females, a consistent synergistic effect of the two stressors could not be confirmed. These results demonstrate that survival alone does not capture all consequences of exposure and should therefore be evaluated together with developmental, physiological, and molecular indicators. Perfluorooktansulfonska kislina PFOS mineralno gnojilo NPK šarenka Oncorhynchus mykiss embrionalni razvoj preživetje oksidativni stres imunski odziv izražanje genov RT-qPCR Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS NPK mineral fertilizer rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss embryonic development survival oxidative stress immune response gene expression RT-qPCR true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-09-26 07:16:15 2026-09-26 07:16:19 2026-09-28 10:49:20 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 292474 292675075 63413.pdf 63413.pdf 1 C7D5F3DC96E4E99D21BAF882327EAF54 06748df0ade84bec1a699fc34cc73771d83e6823f7d1b23fcd5adad04c30c7e3 538abdac-b969-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=249011 63414.pdf 63414.pdf 1 B183B24BDE1BE6599CFC51508A08205E f9d14b2cbb98e8d72c3731a77d92c2c11eb1b33747567a74e3827626819a2cbb 538b7831-b969-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=249012 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0