20.500.12556/RUL-188357 Combining interdisciplinary field measurements and ENVI-met simulations for comparative assessment of outdoor human thermal comfort across local climate zones Owing to the specific thermal conditions of the urban environment, such as a high proportion of impervious surfaces, low tree cover, high building density, and low surface albedo, residents in these areas experience altered outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). Although these conditions generally contribute to elevated heat stress during hot summer days, this phenomenon varies spatially and temporally. Numerous studies have examined OTC indices across different cities using various modelling techniques; however, the preparation of spatial input data is often insufficiently addressed. Therefore, the study aims to quantify and assess OTC across selected Local Climate Zones (LCZs) in Ljubljana, as well as the effect of existing tree shading on OTC improvement, by advancing a modelling workflow that explicitly incorporates detailed field-derived urban soil characteristics into ENVI-met simulations. This was achieved through interdisciplinary field and laboratory measurements combined with urban microclimatic modelling. The fieldwork included micrometeorological measurements, soil sampling, surface albedo measurements, and green infrastructure mapping. The results revealed statistically significant differences in Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) indices between 13:00 and 15:00 local time across the LCZs. LCZ A exhibited the lowest levels of heat stress, whereas LCZ 8 experienced the highest. The average differences in UTCI and PET between these two zones were 9.23 ◦C and 12.44 ◦C, respectively. Further analysis demonstrated that existing tree shade significantly improved OTC. Across all LCZs, the average thermal comfort improved by 5.67 ◦C (UTCI) and 8.43 ◦C (PET) under tree shade compared to areas exposed to direct solar radiation. urban climate heat stress universal thermal climate index (UTCI) physiological equivalent temperature (PET) soils local climate zones (LCZ) green infrastructure climatogeography outdoor human thermal comfort mestna klima topolotni stres univerzalni toplotni podnebni indeks fiziološka ekvivalentna temperatura prsti lokalne podnebne cone zelena infrastruktura klimatogeografija zunanje toplotno ugodje true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-09-21 13:56:51 2026-09-21 13:57:00 2026-09-22 04:04:54 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 16 str. [article no.] 107304 Vol. 142 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-05-15 911.375:551.584.3 2210-6715 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107304 272851971 RAZ_Gregorcic_Tim_2026.pdf RAZ_Gregorcic_Tim_2026.pdf 1 F3B3D81EBA2DA8F2E44FE809E934640F 00c75aaccd564afbb11e8c15ce883fc6376ca88bfa6b9b53c928d3bfe6a9973b 30301e1b-b5b4-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248450 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670726001915?via%3Dihub 1 7de31693-b5b3-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248449 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0