20.500.12556/RUL-188323 Napake v reprocesiranju kirurških instrumentov Errors in reprocessing surgical instruments Uvod: Reprocesiranje kirurških instrumentov je kompleksen in natančno določen postopek, ki je ključnega pomena za zagotavljanje varnosti pacientov ter preprečevanje okužb, povezanih z zdravstvom. Obsega več medsebojno povezanih faz, od predobdelave in čiščenja do dezinfekcije, pregleda, pakiranja, sterilizacije ter ustreznega skladiščenja. Nepravilnosti v posameznih fazah reprocesiranja lahko povzročijo mikrobiološko kontaminacijo, poškodbe instrumentov in povečano tveganje za pooperativne zaplete. Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek napak vključujejo pomanjkljivo izobraževanje zaposlenih, časovne pritiske, neustrezno upoštevanje smernic, organizacijske pomanjkljivosti ter pomanjkanje sistematičnega nadzora kakovosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati najpogostejše napake pri reprocesiranju kirurških instrumentov. Poseben poudarek smo namenili napakam v posameznih fazah reprocesiranja ter dejavnikom, ki prispevajo k njihovemu nastanku. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo od decembra 2025 do marca 2026 v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Ultimate, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar in Digitalni knjižnici Univerze v Ljubljani. Vključili smo strokovne in znanstvene članke v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, objavljene med letoma 2015 in 2026, ki so se nanašali na reprocesiranje kirurških instrumentov. Rezultati: Med najpogosteje ugotovljenimi nepravilnostmi v fazah reprocesiranja instrumentov so bili opisani prisotnost organskih ostankov na instrumentih, nepravilno razstavljanje sestavljenih instrumentov, neustrezno sušenje, napačno pakiranje ter neustrezna kontrola sterilizacijskih parametrov. Zaradi pomanjkljivega izvajanja vizualnega pregleda ostanejo na instrumentih neopažene poškodbe ali ostanki nečistoč. Neustrezno očiščeni instrumenti povečujejo možnost nastanka biofilma, kar zmanjšuje učinkovitost sterilizacije in povečuje tveganje za prenos mikroorganizmov. Kot pomemben dejavnik napak se pogosto izpostavljata tudi nepoznavanje priporočil proizvajalcev in nedosledno izvajanje standardiziranih postopkov. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve potrjujejo, da lahko že manjša odstopanja pri postopkih reprocesiranja pomembno vplivajo na varnost pacientov in učinkovitost sterilizacije. Pregled literature potrjuje, da je za zmanjšanje napak ključno kontinuirano strokovno izobraževanje zaposlenih, dosledno upoštevanje smernic in standardov ter učinkovito interdisciplinarno sodelovanje. Pomembno vlogo imajo tudi redni nadzori kakovosti, validacija postopkov, uporaba kontrolnih seznamov ter uvedba standardiziranih protokolov. Z doslednim izvajanjem teh ukrepov lahko izboljšamo kakovost reprocesiranja kirurških instrumentov, zmanjšamo tveganje za pooperativne okužbe pacientov ter prispevamo k varnejši in kakovostnejši oskrbi pacientov. Introduction: The reprocessing of surgical instruments is a complex and precisely defined process that is essential for ensuring patient safety and preventing healthcare-associated infections. It comprises several interconnected stages, including pre-cleaning, cleaning, disinfection, inspection, packaging, sterilization, and appropriate storage. Errors occurring at any stage of the reprocessing cycle may result in microbiological contamination, instrument damage, and an increased risk of postoperative complications. Risk factors contributing to reprocessing errors include inadequate staff education and training, time pressures, insufficient adherence to guidelines, organizational deficiencies, and the lack of systematic quality control. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work was to investigate the most common errors in the reprocessing of surgical instruments. Particular emphasis was placed on errors occurring at individual stages of the reprocessing cycle and on the factors contributing to their occurrence. Methods: A descriptive research method based on a literature review was used. The literature search was conducted between December 2025 and March 2026 using the databases CINAHL Ultimate, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. Professional and scientific articles published in Slovenian and English between 2015 and 2026, related to the reprocessing of surgical instruments, were included. Results: Among the most frequently identified irregularities in the stages of instrument reprocessing were the presence of organic residues on instruments, improper disassembly of multi-component instruments, inadequate drying, incorrect packaging, and inadequate monitoring of sterilization parameters. Due to insufficient visual inspection, damage or residual contaminants on instruments may remain undetected. Inadequately cleaned instruments increase the possibility of biofilm formation, which reduces the effectiveness of sterilization and increases the risk of microorganism transmission. A lack of knowledge of manufacturers' instructions and inconsistent implementation of standardized procedures are also frequently highlighted as important factors contributing to errors. Discussion and conclusion: The findings confirm that even minor deviations in reprocessing procedures can significantly affect patient safety and the effectiveness of sterilization. The literature review confirms that continuous professional staff education and training, consistent adherence to guidelines and standards, and effective interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for reducing reprocessing errors. Regular quality control, process validation, the use of checklists, and the implementation of standardized protocols also play an important role. Consistent application of these measures can improve the quality of surgical instrument reprocessing, reduce the risk of postoperative infections, and contribute to safer and higher-quality patient care. faze reprocesiranja metode sterilizacije odkloni preprečevanje bolnišničnih okužb stages of reprocessing sterilization methods errors prevention of healthcare-associated infections true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-20 07:46:08 2026-09-20 07:46:15 2026-09-21 04:28:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 165523 64264.pdf 64264.pdf 1 F7ED5CB99EE7A44CDAE06279E586C51A c6e5c5f104d9639009cb7f1f191773c7d3874e8d9505f632d9e4caa6a41b71c2 891ea189-b4b6-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248356 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0