20.500.12556/RUL-188209 Vpliv gnojenja z dušikom na kakovost oljčnega olja The influence of nitrogen fertilization on the olive oil quality Kakovost oljčnega olja je določena s kombinacijo kemijskih, fizikalnih in senzoričnih lastnosti. Pri ekstra deviškem oljčnem olju je pomembno, da vsebnost prostih maščobnih kislin ne presega 0,8 g na 100 g olja in da ima olje ustrezne senzorične lastnosti. Na kakovost oljčnega olja vplivajo številni dejavniki med njimi tudi prekomerno gnojenje z dušikom. Višja vsebnost dušika v plodovih vpliva na manjšo vsebnost fenolov in oleinske kisline, kar vpliva na slabšo oksidativno stabilnost, pikantnost in grenkobo olja. Z večanjem vsebnosti dušika v plodovih se povečujeta vsebnosti linolne in linolenske kisline ter prostih maščobnih kislin. Literatura navaja, da je dodajanje dušika preko namakalnega sistema na rast in kakovost oljčnega olja vplivalo podobno kot dodajanje dušika neposredno v tla. Dodatno foliarno gnojenje z dušikom med fazo intenzivnejšega nalaganja olja v plodove ni vplivalo na poslabšanje kakovosti oljčnega olja. Za natančnejšo določitev potrebnega dodanega dušika bi bile potrebne dodatne raziskave. V vsakem oljčniku je optimalna količina dodanega dušika drugačna. Odmerek in obliko dušika je smiselno prilagajati prehranskemu stanju rastlin, rastnim razmeram in načinu pridelave. The quality of olive oil is determined by a combination of chemical, physical, and sensory properties. In extra virgin olive oil, it is essential that the content of free fatty acids does not exceed 0.8 g per 100 g of oil and that it possesses appropriate sensory properties. Numerous factors influence the quality of olive oil, including excessive nitrogen fertilization. Higher nitrogen content in the fruits leads to a lower content of phenols and oleic acid, which results in poorer oxidative stability, pungency, and bitterness. With increasing nitrogen content in the fruits, the content of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and free fatty acids increases. According to the literature nitrogen application through an irrigation system had a similar effect on olive growth and olive oil quality as direct nitrogen application to the soil. Additional foliar nitrogen fertilization during the period of intensive oil accumulation in the fruits did not adversely affect olive oil quality. Further research is needed to determine nitrogen requirements more precisely. The optimal nitrogen rate differs among olive orchards. The rate and form of applied nitrogen should be adjusted according to plant nutritional status, growing conditions and the production system. oljčno olje kakovost olja dušik fenoli gnojenje olive oil oil quality nitrogen fertilization polyphenols true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-19 08:16:37 2026-09-19 08:16:39 2026-09-22 13:32:05 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 290071 292019971 62543.pdf 62543.pdf 1 8D97DD6403648290CCB36A6F7D02D811 67b5d5eee8bc940f19de70a5336b166e2f86bf0c6fac12c442e0ad75b61ac47e 9efd7662-b3f1-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248238 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0