20.500.12556/RUL-188156 Osnove imunosti pri rastlinah The basics of plant immunity Diplomsko delo obravnava osnovne mehanizme rastlinske imunosti s poudarkom na sistemsko pridobljeni odpornosti (SAR). Predstavljena je prepoznava molekulskih vzorcev s površinskimi receptorji pri z molekulskimi vzorci sproženi imunosti (PTI) ter zaznavanje efektorjev patogenov z znotrajceličnimi receptorji pri z efektorji sproženi imunosti (ETI). Aktivacija imunskih receptorjev sproži signalizacijo s kalcijem, aktivacijo z mitogenom aktiviranih proteinskih kinaz (MAP kinaze), tvorbo reaktivnih kisikovih spojin, spremembe izražanja obrambnih genov in lokalne odzive, med katere spada tudi preobčutljivostni odziv. Delovanje receptorjev je ponazorjeno s primerom odpornosti tobaka proti virusu tobačnega mozaika, pri katerem imunski receptor N ob sodelovanju rastlinskega proteina NRIP1 zazna virusni protein p50 in omeji širjenje virusa. Lokalna okužba lahko sproži SAR v oddaljenih tkivih. Pri tem procesu sodelujejo salicilna kislina, pipekolinska in N-hidroksi-pipekolinska kislina, jasmonati ter druge signalne molekule, ki skupaj vzpostavijo predpripravljeno stanje obrambnega odziva. Obravnavani so tudi vplivi obrambe na rast rastlin, povezava z abiotskim stresom ter možnosti uporabe kemičnih elicitorjev SAR in koristnih mikroorganizmov v varstvu rastlin. Takšni pristopi delujejo predvsem preventivno, njihova učinkovitost pa je odvisna od odmerka, časa aplikacije, genotipa rastline, okoljskih razmer in infekcijskega pritiska, zato so bolj primerni kot dopolnitev integriranega varstva rastlin. The thesis discusses the basic mechanisms of plant immunity, with emphasis on systemic acquired resistance (SAR). It presents the perception of molecular patterns by cell-surface receptors in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and the detection of pathogen effectors by intracellular receptors in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Receptor activation initiates calcium signalling, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), the production of reactive oxygen species, changes in defence gene expression and local responses, including the hypersensitive response. Receptor function is illustrated by the resistance of tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus, in which the N immune receptor, together with the plant protein NRIP1, detects the viral protein p50 and restricts virus spread. A local infection can also induce SAR in distant tissues. Its establishment involves salicylic acid, pipecolic acid, N-hydroxypipecolic acid, jasmonates and other signalling molecules, which together establish a primed state of defence. The thesis also addresses the effects of defence on plant growth, its interactions with abiotic stress and the possibilities of using chemical elicitors and beneficial microorganisms in plant protection. These approaches act mainly preventively, while their effectiveness depends on the dose, timing of application, plant genotype, environmental conditions and infection pressure. Therefore, they are most suitable as a component of integrated plant protection. rastlinska imunost sistemsko pridobljena odpornost SAR salicilna kislina pipekolinska kislina PTI ETI obramba rastlin plant immunity systemic acquired resistance SAR salicylic acid pipecolic acid PTI ETI plant defence true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-19 07:18:21 2026-09-19 07:18:26 2026-09-21 13:06:37 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 290055 291830787 61623.pdf 61623.pdf 1 B8B54638BF32F8EFA30AE8F9D7B3B94A b2efb59c3eac9bee9a1425255745d3999f764ace2e1222f93112ee8987fb3445 7f48af16-b3e9-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248183 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0