20.500.12556/RUL-188067 Ortotična obravnava spodnjih udov pri cerebralni paralizi diplomsko delo Lower limb orthotics in cerebral palsy diploma work Uvod: Cerebralna paraliza je neprogresivna nevrološka motnja, ki nastane kot posledica okvare osrednjega živčnega sistema v obdobju razvoja. Zanjo so značilne trajne motnje v nadzoru gibanja, koordinacije in telesne drže, ki lahko pomembno vplivajo na posameznikovo samostojnost in funkcionalnost v vsakdanjem življenju. Pri osebah s cerebralno paralizo so najpogosteje prizadeti spodnji udi, kjer se pojavlja spastičnost, zmanjšana stabilnost, slabša kontrola gibov in patološki vzorci hoje, ki lahko sčasoma vodijo v razvoj deformacij in drugih sekundarnih mišično-skeletnih sprememb. Pomemben del obravnave predstavlja ortotična oskrba, katere cilj je izboljšanje biomehanike gibanja, stabilizacija sklepov in preprečevanje napredovanja deformacij. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti ortotično obravnavo spodnjih udov pri osebah s cerebralno paralizo in prikazati vpliv različnih ortotičnih rešitev na biomehaniko hoje in funkcionalno mobilnost. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom domače in tuje znanstvene ter strokovne literature. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili bibliografske podatkovne baze: ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics in Google Scholar. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih šest raziskav, ki so obravnavale uporabo ortoz za spodnje ude pri osebah s cerebralno paralizo. Analizirane raziskave poročajo o izboljšanju parametrov hoje, predvsem hitrosti hoje, dolžine koraka, stabilnosti in poravnave sklepov. Stopnja izboljšanja se je med raziskavami razlikovala glede na klinične značilnosti preiskovancev, vrsto uporabljene ortoze in cilje ortotične obravnave. Razprava in zaključek: Uporaba ortoz za spodnje ude pri osebah s cerebralno paralizo pomaga omiliti patološke gibalne vzorce in preprečuje dolgoročni razvoj deformacij. Z ustrezno ortotično oskrbo osebi omogočimo učinkovitejše gibanje, ki je bolj varno in energijsko učinkovito. Uspešnost zdravljenja je odvisna od individualnih značilnosti uporabnika, vrste patologije ter izbire ustrezne ortoze, njenih komponent in materialov. Za doseganje optimalnih rezultatov je potrebno dobro poznavanje biomehanike gibanja, klinične slike cerebralne paralize in principov delovanja ortotičnih pripomočkov. Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder resulting from damage to the central nervous system during development. It is characterized by permanent impairments in motor control, coordination, and posture, which can significantly affect an individual's independence and functional abilities in daily life. The lower limbs are most commonly affected, presenting with spasticity, reduced stability, impaired movement control, and pathological gait patterns that may eventually lead to the development of deformities and other secondary musculoskeletal complications. Orthotic management represents an important component of treatment, aiming to improve movement biomechanics, stabilize joints, and prevent the progression of deformities. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present orthotic management of the lower limbs in individuals with cerebral palsy and to examine the effects of different orthotic solutions on gait biomechanics and functional mobility. Methods: A descriptive research method based on a review of domestic and international scientific and professional literature was used. The literature search was conducted using the following bibliographic databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, and Google Scholar. Results: Six studies addressing the use of lower-limb orthoses in individuals with cerebral palsy were included in the literature review. The analyzed studies reported improvements in gait parameters, particularly walking speed, step length, stability, and joint alignment. The degree of improvement varied among studies depending on the clinical characteristics of the participants, the type of orthosis used, and the objectives of orthotic intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The use of lower-limb orthoses in individuals with cerebral palsy helps reduce pathological gait patterns and prevents the long-term development of deformities. Appropriate orthotic management enables more efficient, safer, and less energy-demanding movement. The effectiveness of orthotic intervention depends on the individual's characteristics, the type of pathology, and the selection of an appropriate orthosis, its components and materials. Achieving optimal outcomes requires a thorough understanding of movement biomechanics, the clinical presentation of cerebral palsy, and the principles underlying the function of orthotic devices. diplomska dela ortotika in protetika cerebralna paraliza ortoza za spodnji ud patologije biomehanika diploma theses orthotics and prosthetics cerebral palsy lower limb orthosis pathologies biomechanics true false false [T. Vaš] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-18 07:46:24 2026-09-18 07:46:34 2026-09-19 04:29:56 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana VIII, 25 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 617.3 165173 291550979 64553.pdf 64553.pdf 1 E8EEB8339BA441F39081A0601E6C9862 abaf45b9788ecbbaac9aafa985acfeacaa1556df1e31ebde249dba06fa0a0334 431aa8bf-b324-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=248064 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0