20.500.12556/RUL-188004 NEVARNE KOVINE V BATERIJAH ELEKTRIČNIH VOZIL: PRIDOBIVANJE IN RECIKLIRANJE TER VPLIV NA OKOLJE HAZARDOUS METALS IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERIES: EXTRACTION, RECYCLING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Diplomska naloga obravnava nevarne kovine v baterijah električnih vozil, njihovo pridobivanje, recikliranje ter vpliv na okolje. Zaradi hitrega razvoja električne mobilnosti se povečuje potreba po baterijah, s tem pa tudi poraba surovin, kot so litij, nikelj in svinec. Pridobivanje teh kovin pomembno vpliva na okolje, saj povzroča posege v naravo, porabo energije, onesnaževanje tal in voda ter nastajanje emisij. Zaradi omejenih zalog surovin postaja vedno pomembnejše tudi učinkovito recikliranje odsluženih baterij. V nalogi so predstavljene osnovne vrste baterij, njihova sestava in delovanje ter značilnosti najpomembnejših nevarnih kovin v njih. Posebna pozornost je namenjena načinom pridobivanja litija, niklja in svinca, njihovim vplivom na zdravje ljudi in okolje ter največjim nahajališčem na svetu. Obravnavani so tudi postopki zbiranja, priprave, sortiranja in recikliranja odsluženih baterij ter stanje na področju njihovega recikliranja v Sloveniji. V analitičnem delu so kovine primerjene glede na njihove vplive na okolje, predstavljena so njihova pomembnejša nahajališča ter obravnavani izbrani podatki, povezani z baterijami električnih vozil. Ugotovitve kažejo, da pravilno zbiranje in recikliranje baterij pomembno prispevata k zmanjševanju negativnih vplivov na okolje ter omogočata ponovno pridobivanje in uporabo dragocenih surovin. Učinkovito ravnanje z odsluženimi baterijami je zato pomembno za zmanjševanje porabe primarnih surovin in razvoj krožnega gospodarstva. Diplomska naloga poudarja pomen tehnologij, ki bodo omogočile učinkovitejšo uporabo naravnih virov in trajnostni razvoj električne mobilnosti. This diploma thesis examines hazardous metals used in electric vehicle batteries, their extraction, recycling, and impact on the environment. Due to the rapid development of electric mobility, the demand for batteries is continuously increasing, which also increases the consumption of raw materials such as lithium, nickel, and lead. The extraction of these metals has a significant impact on the environment because it causes changes to natural habitats, high energy consumption, soil and water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. As the availability of raw materials is limited, efficient recycling of waste batteries is becoming increasingly important. The thesis presents the basic types of batteries, their composition and operation, as well as the characteristics of the most important hazardous metals they contain. Special attention is given to the extraction of lithium, nickel, and lead, their impacts on human health and the environment, and the largest deposits of these metals in the world. The processes of collecting, preparing, sorting, and recycling used batteries are also discussed, as well as the current state of battery recycling in Slovenia. In the analytical part, the metals are compared according to their environmental impacts, their major deposits are presented, and selected data related to electric vehicle batteries are examined. The final part of the thesis presents the findings, which show that proper collection and recycling of batteries play an important role in reducing negative environmental impacts, enable the reuse of valuable raw materials, and support the development of a circular economy. The thesis also emphasizes the importance of developing new technologies that will enable more efficient use of natural resources and contribute to the sustainable development of electric mobility. električna vozila baterije litij nikelj svinec recikliranje okolje. electric vehicles batteries accumulators lithium nickel lead recycling environment. true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-17 08:46:36 2026-09-17 08:46:42 2026-09-18 04:30:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 46177 18684.pdf 18684.pdf 1 B1D22548E121B79A2B79D63EA4B7E2D3 4c49d31882dbd98c4ef382379bf723eb9f455cceb3ffbf4acb7f159fb91ecf0a 855f58d4-b263-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=247855 Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet 0 0 0