20.500.12556/RUL-187786 Imunski sistem rib osnovne značilnosti in primerjava z imunskim sistemom sesalcev Fish immune system main characteristics and its comparison with mammalian immunity Imunski sistem rib obsega prirojeno in pridobljeno imunost, ki skupaj zagotavljata zaščito pred patogeni v vodi. Prirojena imunost je pri ribah pomembnejša kot pri sesalcih, saj je vzpostavitev pridobljene počasnejša in manj učinkovita. Prvo linijo obrambe predstavljajo fizične pregrade in mukozne površine (koža, škrge, črevesje), ki preprečujejo vdor patogenov. Prirojena imunost vključuje celične komponente (eozinofilne granularne celice, nevtrofilci, makrofagi, dendritične celice, nespecifične citotoksične celice) ter humoralne dejavnike (lizocim, transferin, lektini, C-reaktivni protein, komplement). Ti omogočajo hitro prepoznavo in uničenje mikroorganizmov s fagocitozo, vnetjem in lizo. Pridobljena imunost rib temelji na limfocitih T in B ter nastanku protiteles. Najpomembnejši izotip je tetramerni IgM (najpogostejši v serumu), ostala sta IgD in IgT (vloga v mukozni aktivnosti). Pomembni vlogi pridobljenega imunskega sistema sta specifičnost (preko V(D)J rekombinacij in somatskih hipermutacij) ter imunski spomin, ki omogoča trajno zaščito. V primerjavi s sesalci imajo protitelesa rib manjšo variabilnost in afiniteto ter nekatere posebnosti (odsotnost molekul DM), vendar še vedno omogočajo nevtralizacijo patogenov, aktivacijo komplementa in opsonizacijo. Posebna značilnost rib je variabilnost imunskega odziva, pogojena z zunanjimi dejavniki (temperaturo, slanostjo). Kljub razlikam v primerjavi s sesalskim, imunski sistem rib izkazuje ohranjene evolucijske značilnosti, ki omogočajo usklajeno delovanje prirojene in pridobljene imunosti ter zagotavljajo zaščito in dolgoročni imunski spomin. The fish immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity, which together provide defence against waterborne pathogens. Innate immunity is more pronounced in fish than in mammals, as adaptive responses develop slowly and are less effective. The first line of defence consists of physical barriers and mucosal surfaces (skin, gills, gut), which block pathogen entry. Innate immunity includes cellular components (eosinophil granular cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, nonspecific cytotoxic cells) and humoral factors (lysozyme, transferrin, lectins, C-reactive protein, complement). These ensure rapid recognition and elimination of microbes through phagocytosis, inflammation, and lysis. Adaptive immunity relies on T and B lymphocytes, as well as antibody production. The main isotype is tetrameric IgM (abundant in serum); others are IgD and IgT (role in mucosal activity). Its essential features are specificity, mediated by V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation, and immunological memory. Compared to mammals, fish antibodies display lower variability and affinity and lack certain molecules (such as DM), yet still perform neutralisation, complement activation, and opsonisation. A distinctive feature of fish is the variability of immune responses, strongly influenced by external factors (temperature, salinity). Despite differences from mammals, the fish immune system preserves evolutionary features that ensure coordination between innate and adaptive immunity and provide effective, long-lasting protection. ribe prave kostnice imunologija imunski sistem rib prirojeni imunski sistem pridobljeni imunski sistem protitelesa celične komponente humoralni dejavniki imunski spomin sesalci primerjava fish teleostei immunology fish immune system innate immunity adaptive immunity antibodies cellular components humoral factors immunological mem-ory mammals comparison true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Članek v reviji 2026-09-14 12:27:24 2026-09-14 12:27:30 2026-09-14 12:52:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 25 str. no. 2 Vol. 122 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 597.4/.5 1854-1941 10.14720/aas.2026.122.2.24247 291006723 RAZ_Djurdjevic_Ida_2026.pdf RAZ_Djurdjevic_Ida_2026.pdf 1 C7FB833541E3D8A9F50CD6EAC7ACED99 0660f57e-b027-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=247541 https://journals.uni-lj.si/aas/article/view/24247 1 dda75a6f-b026-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=247540 Biotehniška fakulteta Acta agriculturae Slovenica 0 0 0