20.500.12556/RUL-186883 Molekularni mehanizmi obrambe proti rastlinskim parazitskim nematodam Molecular mechanisms of defense against plant parasitic nematodes Rastlinsko-parazitske ogorčice so eden glavnih povzročiteljev škode v kmetijstvu. Hranijo se s prevzemom hranil preko vzpostavljenih hranilnih mest (celice velikanke, sincicij) na rastlini. Rastline se branijo pred okužbami z mehanizmoma: z vzorci izzvano imunostjo (PTI) in efektorji izzvano imunostjo (ETI). Naravni obrambni mehanizmi zaradi razvoja novih patotipov ogorčic ne zadostujejo, zato se rešitve iščejo na področju molekularnega urejanja genoma s tehnologijo CRISPR/Cas9. Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti vlogo imunskega odziva rastlin ter možnost uporabe CRISPR/Cas9 za izboljšanje odpornosti. Tarča urejanja so S-geni, ki jih ogorčice izkoriščajo za uspešen parazitizem ter pomagajo pri nastanku prehranjevalnih mest, olajšajo prodiranje v tkivo in kodirajo negativne regulatorje imunskega signaliziranja. To potrjujejo tudi primeri raziskav: mutageneza gena OsHPP04 v rižu je zmanjšala število samic Meloidogyne graminicola. Izklop gena AAP6 v repnjakovcu je zmanjšal dovzetnost za M. incognita. Izklop gena MLO3 v bombažu pa je zmanjšal razmnoževanje ogorčice Rotylenchulus reniformis. Kljub pozitivnim rezultatom se CRISPR/Cas9 zaradi neciljnih učinkov, oteženega vnosa komponent v rastlinsko celico ter regulatornih omejitev ne uporablja v kmetijski praksi. Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the major causes of agricultural damage. They feed by acquiring nutrients through the establishment of specialized feeding sites, such as giant cells and syncytia, in plant tissues. Plants defend themselves against infection through two main immune mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, natural defense mechanisms are often insufficient due to the emergence of new nematode pathotypes, leading to the exploration of genome-editing approaches using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The aim of this thesis is to present the role of plant immune responses and the potential use of CRISPR/Cas9 to improve plant resistance to nematodes. The targets of genome editing are susceptibility genes (S genes), which nematodes exploit for successful parasitism, contribute to the formation of feeding sites, facilitate penetration into plant tissues, or encode negative regulators of immune signaling. This is supported by several research studies: mutagenesis of the OsHPP04 gene in rice reduced the number of female Meloidogyne graminicola nematodes; knockout of the AAP6 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana reduced susceptibility to M. incognita; and knockout of the MLO3 gene in cotton reduced the reproduction of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Despite these promising results, CRISPR/Cas9 is not yet widely used in agricultural practice due to off-target effects, difficulties in delivering CRISPR components into plant cells, and regulatory constraints. nematode parazitizem rastlinski obrambni mehanizem odpornostni geni dovzetni geni efektorji žlahtnjenje CRISPR/Cas9 nematode parasitism plant defense mechanism resistance genes susceptibility genes effectors breeding CRISPR/Cas9 true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-06 08:15:45 2026-09-06 08:15:49 2026-09-09 08:23:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 287177 290439427 61107.pdf 61107.pdf 1 0D7F7B58F71F30423221682049A32F19 d163e088a7225cb82e1188d85e946aaefc4a3aed8abaf9c2cbfca40d74511968 65396ed4-a9ba-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=246265 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0