20.500.12556/RUL-186850 Izzivi mikropodjetništva pri koriščenju očetovskega in starševskega dopusta Challenges of Micro-Entrepreneurship in Taking Paternity and Parental Leave Magistrsko delo v teoretičnem uvodu obravnava očetovstvo, mikropodjetništvo ter usklajevanje poklicnega in družinskega življenja. Pri pravni ureditvi se osredotoči na očetovski in starševski dopust s pripadajočima nadomestiloma, pregleda spremembe skozi čas v Sloveniji in širše ter dejansko izrabo dotičnih dopustov. Z empiričnim delom naloge raziščem vpliv mikropodjetništva na dejansko koriščenje očetovskega in starševskega dopusta ter kakšne so posledice tega za družinsko dinamiko. Odgovoriti želim na raziskovalna vprašanja o izkušnjah očetov mikropodjetnikov s koriščenjem očetovskega in starševskega dopusta: kako je očetovo mikropodjetništvo vplivalo na koriščenje dopusta iz naslova starševstva, kakšne so bile ovire pri koriščenju in kako so se z njimi spoprijeli, kako so nanje vplivale različne vrste podpore ter kako je potekala razdelitev domačega dela med partnerjema. Poleg tega so me zanimali tudi njihovi predlogi za spremembe na tem stiku dela in starševstva – kaj bi svetovali drugemu očetu mikropodjetniku in kaj bi spremenili v slovenski pravni ureditvi. S kvalitativno raziskavo in neslučajnostnim priložnostnim vzorcem desetih očetov, ki so kot mikropodjetniki koristili dopust iz naslova starševstva, sem prišla do ugotovitev, da mikropodjetništvo močno vpliva na dolžino dopusta iz naslova starševstva, med katerim mikropodjetniki pogosto dejansko delajo. Pri tem je finančni vpliv odsotnosti z dela pomemben dejavnik pri odločitvi za dolžino dopusta in odzivnostjo ali celo normalnim delom med njegovim koriščenjem. Slovenska pravna ureditev destimulira koriščenje dopusta iz naslova starševstva v obliki delne odsotnosti z dela in tako so vsi intervjuvanci dopust koristili v obliki polne odsotnosti z dela, pri čemer je devet od desetih očetov vmes dejansko opravljalo (vsaj najnujnejše) delo. Kljub koriščenju le kratkega dopusta iz naslova starševstva, ki je večinoma obsegal okrog 15 dni oziroma delež, ki je neprenosljiv na mater otroka, so po uradni vrnitvi na delo pogosto delali več, da so nadoknadili čas manjše produktivnosti in obdržali naročnike. Zato je domače delo v večjem obsegu prevzela mati otroka oziroma se obseg neplačanega domačega dela pred, med in po koriščenju dopusta ni spremenil, kar kaže, da pravica očetov do dopusta iz naslova starševstva zagotavlja le kratkoročno podporo za povečanje enakosti spolov v zasebni sferi. Želje in dejanska vključenost očetov v domače delo in skrb za novega družinskega člana sta se med intervjuvanci razlikovali in odsevali v Sloveniji najpogostejša tipa očetov. Pri tem predsodkov zaradi koriščenja dopusta iz naslova starševstva in večje vpetosti v domače delo intervjuvani očetje na lastni koži niso zaznali, so pa nekateri izrazili svoja ali splošna družbena pričakovanja, po katerih je mati bolj vpletena v skrb za otroke kot oče. Doma so jih podpirali partnerka in njuni starši, na delu pa so redko posegli po kakršni koli pomoči. Mikropodjetniki z zaposlenimi le-teh niso usposobili za vsaj delen prevzem svojih nalog, kar je povečalo potrebo po njihovi prisotnosti na delu. Večina intervjuvancev se je strinjala, da je nenehno delo in nezmožnost odklopa del mikropodjetništva in so na to navajeni tudi pri drugih oblikah uradnih odsotnosti z dela. Ne predstavljajo si, da bi koristili očetovski in starševski dopust v obsegu, ki je po trenutni slovenski pravni ureditvi namenjen očetom. Priporočajo pa, da vsak oče koristi vsaj del dopusta iz naslova starševstva in se med njim čim bolj posveti družini. Na splošno so zadovoljni s slovensko pravno ureditvijo tega področja, opozarjajo pa predvsem na dejstvo, da le-ta izhaja iz logike redne zaposlitve in ne upošteva dinamičnosti podjetništva. Pri mikropodjetnikih namreč vsaka odsotnost z dela potencialno ogroža njihovo (prihodnjo) finančno stabilnost. In its theoretical introduction, this master’s thesis examines fatherhood, micro-entrepreneurship, and the reconciliation of work and family life. In the legal section, it focuses on paternity and parental leave and the corresponding benefits, reviews changes over time in Slovenia and beyond, and examines the actual utilization of these leaves. In the empirical part of the thesis, I examine the impact of micro-entrepreneurship on the actual use of paternity and parental leave and what the consequences of this are for family dynamics. I aim to answer research questions regarding the experiences of fathers who are micro-entrepreneurs with taking paternity and parental leave: how fathers’ microbusiness affected the use of parenthood-related leave, what obstacles they faced in taking it, and how they dealt with them, how various types of support affected them, and how domestic labour responsibilities were divided between partners. In addition, I was interested in their suggestions for changes regarding the intersection of work and parenthood—what advice they would give to another father who is a micro-entrepreneur, and what they would change in the Slovenian legal framework. Using a qualitative study and a non-probability convenience sample of ten fathers who, as micro-entrepreneurs, took parenthood-related leave, I concluded that micro-entrepreneurship has a significant impact on the length of parental leave, during which micro-entrepreneurs often continue working. The financial impact of being absent from work is a significant factor in deciding on the duration of leave and on whether to remain available or even work as normal while on leave. Slovenian legislation discourages the use of these leaves in the form of partial absence from work; consequently, all interviewees took their leave as a full absence from work, with nine out of ten fathers actually performing (at least the most essential) work during that time. Despite taking only a short period of leave—which typically lasted about 15 days, or a portion that cannot be transferred to the child’s mother— after officially returning to work, they often worked longer hours to make up for the period of reduced productivity and retain clients. The child’s mother took on a greater share of domestic responsibilities after that, or the extent of unpaid work at home did not change before, during, or after the leave was taken, which indicates that the right of parenthood-related leave for fathers provides only short-term support for increasing gender equality in the private sphere. The interviewees’ desires and actual involvement in household work and caring for the new family member varied and reflected the two most common types of fathers in Slovenia. The interviewed fathers did not personally experience any prejudice due to their use of paternity and parental leave or their greater involvement in household work; however, some expressed their own or general societal expectations that the mother is more involved in childcare than the father. At home, they were supported by their partners and both their parents, but at work they rarely sought any kind of assistance. Micro-entrepreneurs with employees had not trained them to take over at least some of their tasks, which increased the need for their presence at work. Most interviewees agreed that constant work and the inability to disconnect are part of running a microbusiness, and they are accustomed to this even during other types of official absences from work. They cannot imagine taking paternity and parental leave to the extent currently intended for fathers under Slovenian law. However, they recommend that every father take at least part of his parental leave and devote as much time as possible to his family during that time. In general, they are satisfied with the Slovenian legal framework in this area, but they point out, above all, that it is based on the logic of regular employment and does not take into account the dynamic nature of entrepreneurship. For micro-entrepreneurs, any absence from work potentially jeopardizes their (future) financial stability. očetovstvo podjetništvo usklajevanje poklicnega in družinskega življenja možnost odklopa (ne)enakost spolov fatherhood entrepreneurship balancing work and family life ability to disconnect gender (in)equality true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-09-05 09:02:55 2026-09-05 09:03:00 2026-09-06 04:32:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 58372 21128.pdf 21128.pdf 1 805F86466B112AAC7E1267FCA08FDD79 c05ff45d24c6b4c3c2b9e58bd24cfcb1f0966cfe59cc801fdb27f5574a0b7105 d2ff9e82-a8f7-11f1-8bc5-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=246227 Fakulteta za socialno delo 0 0 0