20.500.12556/RUL-186559 Klinične, demografske in epidemiološke značilnosti bolnikov z dolgim COVID-19 Clinical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics of patients with long COVID-19 Dolgi covid je kronično stanje po okužbi z virusom SARS-CoV-2, ki lahko prizadene enega ali več organskih sistemov. Zaradi raznolike klinične slike, pomanjkanja specifičnih diagnostičnih kazalcev in omejenih možnosti zdravljenja predstavlja pomemben klinični in raziskovalni izziv. Namen magistrske naloge je bil analizirati epidemiološke in klinične značilnosti bolnikov, obravnavanih v Ambulanti za dolgi covid na Kliniki za infekcijske bolezni in vročinska stanja UKC Ljubljana. V ambispektivno opazovalno kohortno raziskavo, ki vključuje retrospektivno zbiranje podatkov o akutni okužbi in prospektivno spremljanje kliničnih izidov, smo vključili 63 bolnikov, obravnavanih med 18. 2. 2025 in 13. 3. 2026. Podatke smo pridobili z vprašalnikom, izpolnjenim skupaj z bolniki po ambulantni obravnavi, laboratorijske izvide pa iz bolnišničnega informacijskega sistema Birpis. Med vključenimi bolniki je bilo 51 žensk (81,0 %) in 12 moških (19,0 %), povprečna starost pa je bila 48,4 ± 11 let. Večina bolnikov je akutno okužbo prebolela v blagi do zmerni obliki, hospitaliziranih pa je bilo 8 bolnikov (12,7 %). Bolniki so skupno poročali o 68 različnih simptomih dolgega covida, najpogosteje o utrujenosti (76,2 %), motnjah koncentracije in spomina (74,6 %) ter mišični oslabelosti (52,4 %). Največ bolnikov je bilo uvrščenih v multisistemsko podskupino, kar potrjuje izrazito heterogenost klinične slike. Po okužbi s SARS-CoV-2 se je telesna aktivnost statistično značilno zmanjšala: 54 od 63 bolnikov (85,7 %) je bilo manj aktivnih, pri 9 (14,3 %) pa se aktivnost ni spremenila (p < 0,001). 36 bolnikov (57,1 %) je navedlo, da simptomi močno vplivajo na njihova vsakdanja opravila. Za lajšanje simptomov je zdravila uporabljalo 39 bolnikov (61,9 %), prehranska dopolnila pa 58 bolnikov (92,1 %). Zaradi simptomov je 24 bolnikov (38,1 %) obiskalo pet ali več specialistov. Laboratorijska odstopanja niso pokazala enotnega vzorca; najpogosteje so bile povišane vrednosti eritrocitov, sedimentacije eritrocitov, C-reaktivnega proteina in D-dimera, citokinska odstopanja pa so bila redkejša. Primerjalne analize so pokazale nekatere statistično značilne povezave med izbranimi kliničnimi izidi in značilnostmi bolnikov, vendar jih je treba zaradi majhnega vzorca interpretirati previdno. Rezultati raziskave nudijo prvi vpogled v epidemiološke in klinične značilnosti bolnikov z dolgim covidom v Sloveniji in potrjujejo, da gre za heterogeno, multisistemsko in dolgotrajno stanje, ki pomembno vpliva na vsakdanje delovanje bolnikov ter pogosto zahteva multidisciplinarno obravnavo. Ugotovitve poudarjajo potrebo po nadaljnjih, večjih in standardiziranih raziskavah, ki bi omogočile boljše prepoznavanje podskupin bolnikov, opredelitev uporabnih kazalcev ter razvoj bolj usmerjene in individualizirane obravnave. Long covid is a chronic condition that occurs following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may affect one or more organ systems. Due to its diverse clinical presentation, lack of specific diagnostic markers, and limited treatment options, it represents an important clinical and research challenge. The aim of this master’s thesis was to analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients treated at the Long covid Outpatient Clinic of the Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana. This ambispective observational cohort study included 63 patients treated between 18 February 2025 and 13 March 2026. The study involved the retrospective collection of data on acute infection and the prospective follow-up of clinical outcomes. Data were obtained using a questionnaire completed together with the patients following their outpatient visit, while laboratory results were retrieved from the Birpis hospital information system. Among the included patients, 51 were female (81.0%) and 12 were male (19.0%), and the mean age was 48.4 ± 11 years. Most patients had experienced a mild to moderate acute infection, while 8 patients (12.7%) had been hospitalised. Patients reported a total of 68 different long covid symptoms, most commonly fatigue (76.2%), concentration and memory difficulties (74.6%), and muscle weakness (52.4%). Most patients were classified into the multisystem subgroup, confirming the marked heterogeneity of the clinical presentation. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, physical activity decreased significantly: 54 of 63 patients (85.7%) were less active, while physical activity remained unchanged in 9 patients (14.3%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 36 patients (57.1%) reported that their symptoms strongly affected their daily activities. For symptom relief, 39 patients (61.9%) used medications, while 58 patients (92.1%) used dietary supplements. Due to their symptoms, 24 patients (38.1%) had visited five or more specialists. Laboratory abnormalities did not show a uniform pattern; the most frequent findings were elevated erythrocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer, whereas cytokine abnormalities were less common. Comparative analyses showed several statistically significant associations between selected clinical outcomes and patient characteristics; however, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. The results of this study provide the first insight into the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of patients with long covid in Slovenia and confirm that it is a heterogeneous, multisystem, and long-lasting condition that significantly affects patients’ daily functioning and often requires multidisciplinary management. The findings highlight the need for further, larger, and standardised studies that would enable improved identification of patient subgroups, determination of useful biomarkers, and development of more targeted and individualised management. dolgi covid SARS-CoV-2 epidemiološke in klinične značilnosti bolnikov laboratorijski kazalci simptomi long covid SARS-CoV-2 patient characteristics laboratory markers symptoms true false false [T. Žula] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-09-03 07:45:55 2026-09-03 07:46:19 2026-09-04 04:30:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 616.9(043.2) 127927 289869827 32998.pdf 32998.pdf 1 84C9156DC742CA3108132FCFDC4CC158 d4420c1b167b00384e81321849585cd088b3e67d74565d824a9e43de3a92266f 5af52d72-a75a-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245831 Fakulteta za farmacijo 0 0 0