20.500.12556/RUL-186535 Živalsko biooglje kot imobilizacijsko sredstvo potencialno strupenih elementov Animal bone char as immobilization agent for potentially toxic elements Hitro naraščajoče onesnaževanje okolja s potencialno strupenimi elementi (PSE) predstavlja resno grožnjo in hkrati spodbuja razvoj učinkovitih, trajnostnih načinov sanacije onesnaženih območij. V diplomskem delu sem izvedla primerjavo učinkovitosti imobilizacije PSE s tremi različnimi adsorbenti, in sicer z bioogljem živalskega izvora (ABC), bioogljem rastlinskega izvora (CG) in hidroksiapatitom (HAp). Po 24-urni izpostavitvi različnih kombinacij raztopin nitratov adsorbentom sem v njihovih ekstraktih spremljala spremembe pH-vrednosti in redoks potenciala. S kvantitativno analizno metodo ICP-OES smo izmerili koncentracije kovin (svinec, kadmij in cink) ter izluženih elementov (kalcij in fosfor) v ekstraktih. Določili smo tudi koncentracije celotnega, organskega in anorganskega ogljika. Rezultati so pokazali delovanje adsorbentov prek različnih mehanizmov. ABC je izkazal izjemno pufersko kapaciteto, kar potrjuje, da so se pH-vrednosti kljub prisotnosti kovin povišale v nevtralno do rahlo bazično območje. Takšno delovanje je tesno povezano z izluževanjem anorganskega ogljika, ki nevtralizira kisle raztopine. ABC je izkazal tudi strukturno stabilnost z izločanjem minimalnih koncentracij organskega ogljika, ki so se v prisotnosti kovin dodatno znižale. HAp ni imel bistvenega vpliva na pH-vrednost ekstraktov, deloval pa je predvsem prek sproščanja kalcijevih in fosfatnih ionov, ki so se vezali na PSE in jih imobilizirali. Komercialno dostopen CG se je izkazal kot učinkovit material. Svinec je bil pri vseh sistemih skoraj popolnoma imobiliziran in prednostno pred ostalima dvema kovinama, kadmijem in cinkom. Raziskava potrjuje, da biooglje živalskega izvora predstavlja varnejšo in bolj stabilno alternativo za ukrepanje pri onesnaženju okolja s PSE. Rapidly increasing environmental pollution by potentially toxic elements (PSE) poses a serious threat and at the same time encourages the development of effective, sustainable ways of remediating contaminated sites. In my diploma thesis, I compared the efficiency of immobilization of PSE with three different adsorbents, namely animal biochar (ABC), vegetable biochar (CG) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). After 24 hours of exposure of different combinations of nitrate solutions to the adsorbents, I monitored changes in pH and redox potential in their extracts. Using the quantitative analysis method ICP-OES, we measured the concentrations of metals (lead, cadmium and zinc) and leached elements (calcium and phosphorus) in the extracts. We also determined the concentrations of total, organic and inorganic carbon. The results revealed the action of the adsorbents through various mechanisms. ABC exhibited remarkable buffering capacity, as pH values rose to the neutral to slightly basic range despite the presence of metals. This behaviour is closely related to the leaching of inorganic carbon, which neutralizes acidic solutions. ABC also demonstrated structural stability by eliminating minimum concentrations of organic carbon, which were further reduced in the presence of metals. HAp had no significant effect on the pH of the extracts, but acted primarily through the release of calcium and phosphate ions, which bound to PSE and immobilized them. Commercially available CG proved to be an effective material. Lead was almost completely immobilized in all systems and was preferred over the other two metals, cadmium and zinc. The research confirms that biochar of animal origin represents a safer and more stable alternative for mitigating environmental pollution from PSE. biooglje svinec kadmij potencialno strupeni elementi ICP-OES biochar cadmium lead potentially toxic elements ICP-OES true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-09-03 07:15:32 2026-09-03 07:15:50 2026-09-18 10:54:26 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 25967 291588355 Gjorgieva_Olgica_-_Zivalsko_biooglje_kot_imobilizacijsko_sredstvo_potencialno_strupenih_elemento.pdf Gjorgieva_Olgica_-_Zivalsko_biooglje_kot_imobilizacijsko_sredstvo_potencialno_strupenih_elemento.pdf 1 1C2FD73B9BC598E46599E812EA363E3C 7ab792705a4a9030b96c60061afbe5dad256125a8a2742860dd1fd8a486ba310 2c0adc6e-a756-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245807 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0