20.500.12556/RUL-186279 Nanosenzorji za spremljanje onesnaženosti vode Nanosensors for Monitoring Water Pollution Voda je ključnega pomena za življenje, vendar sta oskrba s pitno vodo in njena kakovost eden pomembnejših okoljskih izzivov današnje družbe. Eno od orodij za spremljanje kakovosti vode ponuja nanotehnologija – področje znanosti in tehnologije, ki raziskuje in razvija materiale in strukture nanometrskih dimenzij za praktične aplikacije. Pri monitoringu vode to predstavljajo nanosenzorji, pri katerih je vsaj ena zaznavna komponenta velikosti do 100 nm ter se uporabljajo za detekcijo težkih kovin, pesticidov, farmacevtskih ostankov, mikroorganizmov in drugih onesnaževal v vodnem okolju. Med najpogosteje uporabljenimi nanomateriali v senzorskih aplikacijah so kvantne pike, ogljikovi nanomateriali, kovinski nanodelci, nanodelci kovinskih oksidov in drugi keramični nanomateriali, polimerni nanodelci ter nanokompoziti. Nanosenzorji izkoriščajo veliko specifično površino ter optične, elektronske, elektrokemijske in katalitske lastnosti nanomaterialov. Velika razpoložljiva površina omogoča funkcionalizacijo z encimi, protitelesi, aptameri in drugimi prepoznavnimi molekulami, s čimer se lahko povečata gostota vezavnih mest in jakost merjenega signala ter izboljšata občutljivost in meja zaznave. Predstavljen je tudi primer aplikacije nanomaterialov v biosenzorju ter omejitve in prihodnje možnosti uporabe nanosenzorskih sistemov pri monitoringu kakovosti vode, saj njihova širša uporaba v praksi še zahteva nadaljnjo validacijo. Water is essential for life, yet ensuring an adequate supply and quality of drinking water represents one of the major environmental and public health challenges. Nanotechnology offers valuable tools for water-quality monitoring by enabling the development of nanosensors that incorporate at least one functional or sensing component containing a nanomaterial or nanostructure, typically with at least one dimension in the range of approximately 1–100 nm. Such sensors can be used for the detection of heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, microorganisms and other contaminants in aquatic environment. Among the most used nanomaterials in sensing applications are quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles and other ceramic nanomaterials, polymeric nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Nanosensors exploit the high specific surface area and the optical, electronic, electrochemical, and catalytic properties of these materials. Their large available surface enables functionalization with enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and other recognition molecules, which can increase the density of binding sites, enhance signal amplification, and improve sensor sensitivity and detection limits. The small dimensions and tunable physicochemical properties of nanomaterials enable the development of portable, rapid-response, and, in some cases, multiplexed sensing systems for a wide range of analytes. An example of the application of nanomaterials in a biosensor is also presented, along with the limitations and future possibilities of using nanosensor systems in water quality monitoring, since their broader practical use still requires further validation. nanosenzorji nanomateriali detekcija onesnažil monitoring vode nanosensors nanomaterials pollutant detection water monitoring true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-08-30 07:17:07 2026-08-30 07:17:28 2026-09-01 09:20:07 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 286309 289547011 60719.pdf 60719.pdf 1 163BD4157642421D6149E33F9353EF45 4bee4ca3861b033916bfcd9cf5d920fea8ad8c4725159e7fd51a9fafd9cca1d6 ab26425e-a431-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245422 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0