20.500.12556/RUL-186221 Razvoj in validacija testne baterije vprašalnikov za oceno kakovosti spanja pri mladostnikih v Sloveniji raziskovalni podatki, obravnavani v doktorskem delu Development and validation of a test battery of questionnaires for assessing sleep quality among adolescents in Slovenia research data underlying the doctoral dissertation Ozadje: Spanje je pomemben dejavnik telesnega in duševnega zdravja ter vsakodnevnega delovanja mladostnikov. V tem razvojnem obdobju se zaradi bioloških sprememb, zamika cirkadianega ritma, šolskih obremenitev ter mnogih socialnih in vedenjskih sprememb poveča tveganje za nezadostno in manj kakovostno spanje. Celostno spremljanje spanja mladostnikov v Sloveniji je bilo doslej omejeno zaradi manjka kulturno prilagojenih in psihometrično preverjenih merskih instrumentov. Namen: Namen doktorske disertacije je bil oblikovati, kulturno prilagoditi in psihometrično ovrednotiti slovensko baterijo vprašalnikov za ocenjevanje higiene in kakovosti spanja, čezmerne dnevne zaspanosti ter kronotipa pri mladostnikih. Dodatno smo želeli oceniti razširjenost težav s spanjem pri slovenskih mladostnikih in preučiti povezanost kazalnikov spanja z biološkimi, psihološkimi, socialnimi in okoljskimi dejavniki. Metode: Raziskava je potekala v več fazah. V prvi fazi so bili mednarodno uveljavljeni vprašalniki prevedeni, kulturno prilagojeni in vsebinsko validirani s strani heterogene skupine enajstih strokovnjakov. V drugi fazi je bila izvedena nacionalna presečna raziskava med učenci osmih razredov osnovnih šol ter dijaki prvih in tretjih letnikov srednjih šol. Končni vzorec je obsegal 3314 mladostnikov, starih od 12 do 19 let (M = 15,43; SD = 1,65), med katerimi je bilo 51,51 % deklet. Uporabljene so bile Mladostniška lestvica higiene spanja, daljša in krajša različica Mladostniške lestvice spanja in budnosti, Pediatrična lestvica dnevne zaspanosti, Epworthova lestvica zaspanosti za otroke in mladostnike ter Lestvica jutranjosti in večernosti za otroke. Psihometrične značilnosti so bile preverjene z analizami zanesljivosti in konstruktne veljavnosti, eksploratorno in konfirmatorno faktorsko analizo in analizami merske invariantnosti; s pomočjo regresijskih modelov so bili dodatno izpostavljeni napovedniki preučevanih kazalnikov spanja. V tretji fazi je bilo pri podskupini 26 mladostnikov izvedeno tudi večdnevno spremljanje spanja s pomočjo aktigrafije. Rezultati: V prvi fazi raziskave je strokovna skupina potrdila vsebinsko ustreznost oblikovane baterije vprašalnikov, pri čemer so bile na podlagi ocen jasnosti, ustreznosti in faktorske veljavnosti izvedene potrebne jezikovne in kulturne prilagoditve posameznih postavk. V drugi fazi so psihometrične analize prav tako potrdile ustrezno zanesljivost, konstruktno veljavnost in primerljivost slovenskih različic instrumentov z originalnimi, s čimer je bila vzpostavljena metodološka podlaga za celostno ocenjevanje različnih kazalnikov spanja pri slovenskih mladostnikih. Rezultati nacionalne raziskave so pokazali, da so neustrezne spalne navade, slabša kakovost spanja in čezmerna dnevna zaspanost med mladostniki prisotne, čeprav je le majhen delež poročal o diagnosticiranih motnjah spanja. Psihološke obremenitve mladostnikov so se izkazale kot eden najpomembnejših dejavnikov tveganja za neugodne izide spanja. Posamezni kazalniki spanja so bili dodatno povezani z uporabo elektronskih naprav pred spanjem, poznim učenjem, dnevnimi dremeži, uživanjem kofeina, energijskih pijač, nikotina in alkohola. V tretji fazi je spremljanje spanja z aktimetri pokazalo izrazito variabilnost spalnih vzorcev med posamezniki različnih starosti ter razlike med šolskimi in prostimi dnevi. Pri pomembnem deležu mladostnikov je bilo ugotovljeno nezadostno trajanje oz. slabša konsolidacija spanja. Ugotovitve vseh treh faz tako potrjujejo, da je spanje mladostnikov večdimenzionalen pojav, ki ga ni mogoče ustrezno pojasniti z enim samim dejavnikom tveganja. Zaključek: Raziskava je vzpostavila metodološko podlago za standardizirano in večdimenzionalno ocenjevanje spanja slovenskih mladostnikov ter pokazala, da njihovega spanja ni mogoče pojasniti z enim samim dejavnikom. Ugotovitve utemeljujejo uporabo oblikovane baterije vprašalnikov v nadaljnjih raziskavah in pri spremljanju zdravja mladostnikov ter podpirajo zgodnje prepoznavanje ogroženih skupin in razvoj večkomponentnih preventivnih ukrepov v zdravstvenem, vzgojno-izobraževalnem in družinskem okolju. Background: Sleep is an important factor in the physical and mental health and everyday functioning of adolescents. During this developmental period, biological changes, a shift in the circadian rhythm, academic demands, and many social and behavioural changes increase the risk of insufficient and lower-quality sleep. Comprehensive monitoring of adolescent sleep in Slovenia has thus far been limited by the lack of culturally adapted and psychometrically validated measurement instruments. Aim: The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to develop, culturally adapt, and psychometrically evaluate a Slovenian battery of questionnaires for assessing sleep hygiene, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and chronotype in adolescents. Additionally, we sought to assess the prevalence of sleep problems among Slovenian adolescents and examine the associations between sleep indicators and biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Methods: The study was conducted in several phases. In the first phase, internationally established questionnaires were translated, culturally adapted, and content-validated by a heterogeneous group of 11 experts. In the second phase, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among eighth-grade primary school students and first- and third-year secondary school students. The final sample comprised 3,314 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (M = 15.43; SD = 1.65), of whom 51.51% were girls. The Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, the long and short versions of the Adolescent Sleep–Wake Scale, the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children were used. Psychometric properties were examined using reliability and construct validity analyses, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and measurement invariance analyses; regression models were additionally used to identify predictors of the sleep indicators under investigation. In the third phase, a subgroup of 26 adolescents also underwent multi-day sleep monitoring using actigraphy. Results: In the first phase of the study, the expert group confirmed the content validity of the developed questionnaire battery, and the necessary linguistic and cultural adaptations of individual items were made based on assessments of clarity, relevance, and factorial validity. In the second phase, psychometric analyses also confirmed adequate reliability, construct validity, and comparability of the Slovenian versions of the instruments with the original instruments, thereby establishing a methodological basis for the comprehensive assessment of different sleep indicators among Slovenian adolescents. The results of the nationwide study showed that inadequate sleep habits, poorer sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness were present among adolescents, although only a small proportion reported diagnosed sleep disorders. Psychological burdens among adolescents emerged as one of the most important risk factors for adverse sleep outcomes. Individual sleep indicators were additionally associated with the use of electronic devices before bedtime, late-night studying, daytime napping, and the consumption of caffeine, energy drinks, nicotine, and alcohol. In the third phase, sleep monitoring using actimeters showed substantial variability in sleep patterns among individuals of different ages, as well as differences between school days and days off. Insufficient sleep duration or poorer sleep consolidation was identified in a substantial proportion of adolescents. The findings from all three phases therefore confirm that adolescent sleep is a multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be adequately explained by a single risk factor. Conclusion: The study established a methodological basis for the standardised and multidimensional assessment of sleep among Slovenian adolescents and demonstrated that their sleep cannot be explained by a single factor. The findings support the use of the developed questionnaire battery in future research and in the monitoring of adolescent health, as well as the early identification of at-risk groups and the development of multicomponent preventive interventions in healthcare, educational, and family settings. mladostniki spanje higiena spanja kakovost spanja čezmerna dnevna zaspanost kronotip psihometrična validacija aktigrafija Slovenija adolescents sleep sleep hygiene sleep quality excessive daytime sleepiness chronotype psychometric validation actigraphy Slovenia true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Slovenija / Slovenia 2024 Neznano 2026-08-28 12:55:52 2026-08-28 13:27:08 2026-08-29 04:40:55 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2028-08-28 README_Faza_1_1_dataset.txt README_Faza_1_1_dataset.txt README Faza 1 1 dataset 1 D8E6689F99E8410A9C092367383FBEAB 35831128b5ea8e95c9fac838134b206a5c4b881aab7cf1bd44574f2eb2a7326c 183160dd-a2d1-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245339 README_Faza_1_2_dataset.txt README_Faza_1_2_dataset.txt README Faza 1 2 dataset 1 E48E11837C333341F4B064ED12792A44 53019e1304392af3a8e11f1726390c4006cdee8a33a58b164723f4abcde4dec6 329f5a30-a2d1-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245340 README_Faza_1_3_dataset.txt README_Faza_1_3_dataset.txt README Faza 1 3 dataset 1 5C870305942125A0F5B325B930786738 18115d17e974410e53436ffc2e2f71ba0dd5e1057a1a49bd1bbd756cd3af4075 6135e228-a2d1-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245342 README_Faza_2_dataset.txt README_Faza_2_dataset.txt README Faza 2 dataset 1 35FAD6428C3CFFD1A58B5DADD6408C8E 647599e6ceeed2dfd9612716cd2e64e819cbf116e8da728d79ed27bff506ebe0 7c7caf13-a2d1-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245343 README_Faza_3_dataset.txt README_Faza_3_dataset.txt README Faza 3 dataset 1 2C3DE7B21746CA10677A8CAFEE01E487 97eefc59d23cd0790beec22fffb7ca8efd3f5b2ab9655421646be95c889e15e8 abcfb2a7-a2d1-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=245346 Medicinska fakulteta Samoizpolnjeni vprašalnik: Papir/svinčnik 0 0 0