20.500.12556/RUL-185834 Uporaba tehnologije CRISPR-Cas pri zdravljenju AIDS Use of the CRISPR-Cas in treatment of AIDS Virus HIV je kljub napredku kombinirane protiretrovirusne terapije (cART) še vedno velik globalni zdravstveni problem, predvsem zaradi obstoja latentnih virusnih rezerv, ki omogočajo dolgotrajno prisotnost okužbe. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti biologijo virusa HIV ter proučiti možnosti uporabe sistema CRISPR-Cas pri diagnostiki in zdravljenju AIDS. V nalogi so opisani filogenija, genomska organizacija in mehanizem okužbe virusa HIV s poudarkom na nastanku latentnih rezerv in njihovem pomenu pri neuspešnem popolnem izkoreninjenju virusa. Predstavljeni so sistem CRISPR-Cas kot bakterijski adaptivni imunski mehanizem ter njegove terapevtske in diagnostične aplikacije v sodobni medicini. Poseben poudarek je namenjen uporabi proteinov Cas9, Cas12 in Cas13 pri detekciji virusnih nukleinskih kislin ter pri ciljnih posegih v virusni in provirusni genom ter gostiteljske dejavnike, kot sta receptorja CCR5 in CXCR4, za namen eliminacije virusa. Obravnavane so tudi napredne metode urejanja genoma, vključno z urejevalci baz in urejevalci »prime«. Pregled literature kaže, da je CRISPR-Cas najobetavnejša strategija za prihodnje zdravljenje okužbe z virusom HIV, saj omogoča specifično in usmerjeno modifikacijo virusnega ali gostiteljskega genoma. Kljub obetavnim rezultatom pa klinično uporabo še vedno omejujejo izven tarčni učinki, neučinkovita dostava sistema v latentne rezerve in etična vprašanja genske terapije. Despite advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV infection remains a major global health problem, primarily due to the existence of latent viral reservoirs that enable long-term persistence of the infection. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to present the biology of HIV and to examine the potential applications of the CRISPR-Cas system in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS. The thesis describes the phylogeny, genomic organization, and infection mechanism of HIV, with particular emphasis on the formation of latent reservoirs and their role in preventing complete viral eradication. The CRISPR-Cas system is presented as a bacterial adaptive immune mechanism together with its therapeutic and diagnostic applications in modern medicine. Special attention is given to the use of Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 proteins in the detection of viral nucleic acids and in targeted interventions within the viral and proviral genome, as well as host factors such as the CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors. Advanced genome-editing approaches, including base editors and prime editors, are also discussed. The literature review indicates that CRISPR-Cas represents one of the most promising strategies for future HIV treatment, as it enables specific and targeted modification of viral or host genomes. However, its clinical application is still limited by off-target effects, inefficient delivery to latent reservoirs, and ethical concerns related to gene therapy. HIV AIDS CRISPR Cas Cas9 Cas12 Cas13 terapija detekcija urejanje »prime« urejanje baz latentne rezerve gostiteljske tarče virusne tarče CCR5 CXCR4 etična vprašanja HIV AIDS CRISPR Cas Cas9 Cas12 Cas13 treatment detection prime editing base editing latent reservoirs host targets virus targets CCR5 CXCR4 ethical concerns true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-08-21 08:16:14 2026-08-21 08:16:23 2026-08-22 04:19:29 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 285318 288482819 60406.pdf 60406.pdf 1 D5C1ABAA642CE4E1F5B43B59AA9602C1 9571311b35fbd3cee5c66ba403d628aa21c9adabf3f5e190a5168078d618e1f1 71d73308-9d27-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=244823 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0