20.500.12556/RUL-185220 Meritev predorskih konvergenc s tračnim ekstenziometrom in elektronskim tahimetrom magistrsko delo Tunnel convergence measurement with tape extensomer and total station V nalogi obravnavamo meritve predorskih konvergenc v okviru obratovalnega monitoringa predorov. Predstavljene so najpogosteje uporabljane metode spremljanja konvergenc oz. sprememb geometrije svetlega profila predorov. Podrobneje je opisana metoda meritve konvergenčnih dolžin s tračnim ekstenziometrom, ki je v Sloveniji najpogosteje uporabljena. V nadaljevanju predlagamo metodo meritve konvergenčnih dolžin z elektronskim tahimetrom in reflektorji. Predstavljen je matematični model za izračun konvergenčne dolžine neposredno iz merjenih količin, z uporabo zakona o prenosu varianc in kovarianc pa je določena tudi natančnost izračunane dolžine. Za prehod med obema metodama najprej definiramo karakteristične točke posamezne metode in geometrijske odnose med njimi, nato pa predstavimo tri načine izvedbe prehoda. Prvi je empirični, pri katerem se konvergenčna dolžina določi hkrati z obstoječo in novo metodo. Drugi temelji na računskem postopku, pri katerem z uporabo linearne algebre določimo odnose med krajevnimi vektorji karakterističnih točk in konvergenčno dolžino izračunamo kot razdaljo med izbranima točkama v lokalnem koordinatnem sistemu. Tretji način temelji na sovpadanju karakterističnih točk obeh metod, s čimer dosežemo enakost konvergenčnih dolžin, izmerjenih po obeh metodah. Sovpadanje karakterističnih točk dosežemo z uporabo posebnega nastavka in krogelnih prizem. Posebno poglavje posvetimo določitvi optimalne geometrije merske mreže. Za različne položaje stojišča (v osi predora in izven nje) določimo optimalno oddaljenost od merskega profila oziroma optimalno obliko merskega trikotnika. Izračunamo tudi zahtevano natančnost merjenih količin za doseganje predpisane natančnosti določitve konvergenčne dolžine. V zadnjem delu predstavimo praktični primer izmere in izračuna konvergenčnih dolžin na dveh testnih profilih ter primerjamo rezultate obeh obravnavanih metod. In this thesis, we address tunnel convergence measurements within operational tunnel monitoring. The most commonly used methods for monitoring convergence or changes in the geometry of the tunnel inner profile are presented. A more detailed description is given of the method for measuring convergence distances using a tape extensometer, which is the most frequently used method in Slovenia. In the following section, we propose a method for measuring convergence distances using an electronic total station and reflectors. A mathematical model is presented for the direct computation of convergence distance from measured quantities, and the accuracy of the computed distance is determined using the law of propagation of variances and covariances. To enable the transition between the two methods, we first define characteristic points of each method and their geometric relationships. We then present three approaches for the transition. The first is an empirical approach, in which the convergence distance is determined using both the existing and the new method. The second approach is based on an analytical model in which we use linear algebra to determine relationships between position vectors of characteristic points, and we compute the convergence distance as the distance between selected points in a local coordinate system. The third approach is based on the coincidence of characteristic points of both methods, ensuring that the convergence distances obtained by both methods are identical. This coincidence is achieved using a specially designed adapter and ball prisms. A dedicated chapter is devoted to determining the optimal geometry of the measurement network. For different positions of the instrument setup (along the tunnel axis and off axis), we determine the optimal distance to the measurement profile and the optimal geometry of the measurement triangle. We also compute the required accuracy of measured quantities to achieve the prescribed accuracy of convergence distance determination. Finally, we present a practical case study involving measurements and computation of convergence distances on two test profiles, and we compare the results obtained using both methods. magistrska dela gradbeništvo konvergenca predor tračni ekstenziometer elektronski tahimeter merski trikotnik optimizacija zakon o prenosu varianc in kovarianc master thesis civil engineering convergence tunnel tape extensometer total station measurement triangle optimisation law of propagation of variances and covariances true false false [D. Štefan] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-07-29 07:45:16 2026-07-29 07:45:45 2026-07-30 04:02:32 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 2026 Ljubljana 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XIII, 81 str., 44 str. pril.)) 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 528.425:624.19(043.2) 180688 286320899 21068.pdf 21068.pdf 1 174A602656D646C305E85C2E2B71CA7F 928057175d0f2f339b637e80f184e6905467cfcb2a8e0aa58a764fda12331330 7d74e07e-8b10-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=243531 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo 0 0 0