20.500.12556/RUL-184396 Development of an integrated water quality index for irrigation analyzing sodium absorption, permeability, and salinity characteristics Razvoj integriranega indeksa kakovosti vode za namakanje: analiza značilnosti absorpcije natrija, prepustnosti in slanosti This study evaluated irrigation water quality from 57 wells in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq using several indices to determine agricultural suitability and potential soil impacts. Results showed that Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were within the normal range (≤3) for all wells, indicating safe irrigation use with minimal salinity or sodicity hazards for most soil types. Permeability index (PI) and Kelly ratio (KR) values indicated excellent water quality, suggesting no significant effects on soil permeability, structure, or crop productivity. Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values were low or within acceptable limits, confirming negligible influence on soil alkalinity and supporting safe long-term irrigation use. Soluble sodium percentage (SSP) values showed that most wells ranged from excellent to good quality, while only a small number were classified as fair, indicating limited sodium-related soil degradation risk. Magnesium hazard (MH) analysis showed that 35 wells fell within a moderate range, suggesting possible long-term effects on soil structure and nutrient balance, especially for sensitive crops, and a few wells were unsuitable because of high MH values. Overall, irrigation water quality in Sulaymaniyah was generally acceptable, but continuous monitoring is recommended to protect soil health and ensure sustainable agricultural productivity. irrigation water quality sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) permeability index (PI) Kelly ratio (KR) magnesium hazard (MH) sustainable agriculture kakovost vode za namakanje adsorpcijsko razmerje natrija Kellyjevo razmerje indeks prepustnosti nevarnost magnezij trajnostno kmetijstvo true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-07-06 12:33:57 2026-07-06 12:34:03 2026-07-07 04:17:46 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 13 str. no. 2 Vol. 122 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 631 1854-1941 10.14720/aas.2026.122.2.21450 283752195 MARIF+(A).pdf MARIF+(A).pdf 1 157575DF8262BC1E8A460A6AA2EA1E9C efe63000db431aa520200d4bf4fa4e3b692503b834154b40cc89d207e81c1f94 554e20be-7926-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=237115 https://journals.uni-lj.si/aas/article/view/21450/21276 1 179c3dc6-7926-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=237114 Biotehniška fakulteta Acta agriculturae Slovenica 0 0 0