20.500.12556/RUL-184232 Pravica do socialne varnosti v primeru naravnih nesreč (magistrsko diplomsko delo) THE RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE EVENT OF NATURAL DISASTERS Naravne nesreče so v sodobni družbi prerasle iz občasnih in izjemnih dogodkov v pomembno in vse pogostejše kolektivno socialno tveganje, ki globoko vpliva na stabilnost sistema socialne varnosti ter na uresničevanje ustavne pravice do socialne varnosti. Magistrsko delo sistematično proučuje, kako slovenski sistem socialne varnosti reagira na posledice naravnih nesreč ter ali je v zadostni meri prilagojen njihovi kolektivni, nenadni in katastrofalni naravi. Skozi teoretično analizo temeljnih načel socialne varnosti, in sicer načela solidarnosti, načela ekvivalence in načela samoodgovornosti ter pozitivnih obveznosti socialne države, ki izhajajo iz 2. in 50. člena Ustave Republike Slovenije, delo kritično presoja ustreznost obstoječe ureditve. Na podlagi konkretnih primerov nedavnih naravnih nesreč in izrednih razmer, kot so žled, ki je leta 2014 prizadel Slovenijo, požar na Krasu leta 2022, katastrofalne poplave avgusta 2023 ter epidemija COVID-19, delo pokaže, da se obstoječi sistem socialne varnosti preveč nagiba k reaktivnemu in kompenzacijskemu pristopu, namesto k preventivnemu, s katerim bi lahko uresničitev socialnih tveganj preprečili oziroma močno zmanjšali, ne pa le blažili njihove posledice. Kljub obsežni normativni dejavnosti in sprejetju številnih interventnih ukrepov po posameznih nesrečah v njem primanjkuje sistematične, trajne in preventivno usmerjene ureditve, ki bi celovito naslavljala dolgotrajne socialno-ekonomske posledice, kot so izpad dohodka, nova tveganja invalidnosti, povečanje življenjskih stroškov, potreba po dolgotrajni oskrbi ter socialna izključenost zlasti ranljivih skupin prebivalstva. Raziskava ugotavlja, da naravne nesreče predstavljajo novo, samostojno socialno tveganje, ki ga ni mogoče v celoti zreducirati na zgolj sekundarne posledice klasičnih individualnih socialnih tveganj (kot so bolezen, brezposelnost ali invalidnost). Gre za kompleksno kolektivno tveganje, katerega značilnosti zahtevajo temeljito prilagoditev celotnega sistema socialne varnosti. V tem kontekstu delo posebej izpostavlja nujnost novega ravnotežja med tremi temeljnimi načeli socialne varnosti ter krepitve preventivne in odpornostne komponente sistema, ki bi presegla dosedanji pristop, ki temelji predvsem na reaktivnem mehanizmu. Delo zaključuje z ugotovitvijo, da mora socialna država v izrednih razmerah svoje pozitivne obveznosti uresničevati na celostnejši in bolj preventiven način. To ne pomeni zgolj sprejemanja kratkoročnih, enkratnih intervencij, ki rešujejo neposredno nastalo situacijo, temveč predvsem vzpostavitev trajnih, prilagodljivih in inkluzivnih mehanizmov socialne zaščite. Le na tak način bo pravica do socialne varnosti ohranila svoj polni ustavni pomen tudi v času vse pogostejših in intenzivnejših naravnih nesreč, ki zaradi podnebnih sprememb postajajo del novega normalnega življenjskega tveganja v 21. stoletju. Natural disasters in contemporary society have evolved from occasional and exceptional events into a significant, increasingly frequent collective social risk. This deeply affects the stability of the social security system and the realisation of the constitutional right to social security. This master’s thesis systematically examines how the Slovenian social security system responds to the consequences of natural disasters. It also asks whether the system is sufficiently adapted to their collective, sudden, and catastrophic nature. This thesis employs a theoretical analysis of the fundamental principles of social security: solidarity, equivalence, and personal responsibility. It also considers the positive obligations of the social state, as outlined in Articles 2 and 50 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. Based on specific examples of recent natural disasters and emergencies, such as the ice storm that struck Slovenia in 2014, the fire in the Karst region in 2022, the catastrophic floods of August 2023, and the COVID-19 epidemic, this study demonstrates that the existing social security system leans too heavily toward a reactive and compensatory approach, rather than a preventive one, which could prevent or significantly reduce the occurrence of social risks, rather than merely mitigating their consequences. Despite extensive normative activity and numerous interventions adopted after individual disasters, the system lacks a systematic, permanent, and prevention-oriented framework. Such a framework would address long-term socio-economic consequences, including loss of income, new risks of disability, increased living costs, long-term care needs, and social exclusion of vulnerable population groups. The research establishes that natural disasters constitute a new, autonomous social risk that cannot be fully reduced to mere secondary consequences of classical individual social risks (such as illness, unemployment, or disability). It is a complex collective risk whose characteristics require a fundamental adaptation of the entire social security system. In this context, the thesis particularly highlights the need for a new balance among the three fundamental principles of social security and for strengthening the system's preventive and resilient components, moving beyond the current predominantly reactive approach. The thesis concludes that in emergency situations, the social state must fulfil its positive obligations in a more comprehensive and proactive manner. This does not mean merely adopting short-term, one-off interventions that address the immediate situation, but above all, establishing permanent, adaptable, and inclusive mechanisms of social protection. Only in this way can the right to social security retain its full constitutional significance even in times of increasingly frequent and intense natural disasters, which, due to climate change, are becoming part of the new normal of life risks in the 21st century. naravna nesreča socialna varnost novo socialno tveganje izredne razmere načelo solidarnosti načelo samoodgovornosti načelo ekvivalence natural disaster social security new social risk emergency situations the principle of solidarity the principle of personal responsibility the principle of equivalence true false false N. Hrovatin Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-07-02 09:01:24 2026-07-02 09:01:35 2026-08-27 14:54:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 [Ljubljana 0 [Ljubljana 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IV, 46 str.)) 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 349:364.3(043.2) 138533 284546819 27959.pdf 27959.pdf 1 B796523FFF0655FFB3493BE4D06CF7DE ed87bbbb9d08bcd9a6dfd4bff7844293dc601b7e84bf46a296357598087722e6 c1762ae6-75e3-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=236841 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0