20.500.12556/RUL-184020 Črevesna mikrobiota nedonošenčka diplomsko delo Intestinal microbiota in preterm infants diploma work Uvod: Črevesni mikrobiom pri novorojenčkih, zlasti nedonošenčkih, igra ključno vlogo pri razvoju imunskega sistema in zdravju. Raziskave kažejo, da je mikrobiota nedonošenčkov manj raznolika, z več patogenimi bakterijami. Probiotiki, dojenje in fekalna transplantacija so obetavne terapije za obnavljanje zdrave mikrobiote in preprečevanje disbioze. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vlogo črevesne mikrobiote pri nedonošenčkih, zlasti njen razvoj, ključne bakterijske vrste in povezavo probiotikov na zdravje otrok. Poudarek je na razumevanju, kako se mikrobiota razvija v prvih tednih življenja ter kako lahko prehranske in mikrobiološke intervencije izboljšajo zdravstvene izide nedonošenčkov. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela, ki je temeljila na sistematičnem pregledu literature. Iskali smo vire med leti 2020–2025 v angleščini in slovenščini, v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Science Direct in Taylor & Francis. S pomočjo PRISMA diagrama smo prikazali iskalno strategijo. Izmed 1702 zadetkov smo izbrali 13 virov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem in raziskovalnim vprašanjem. Vire smo ocenili glede na kakovost in tematsko ustreznost. Rezultati: Rezultati sistematičnega pregleda so pokazali, da se črevesna mikrobiota nedonošenčkov razvija počasneje kot pri donošenčkih, z večjo prisotnostjo patogenih bakterij in manjšo raznolikostjo. Ključne bakterije za zdrav razvoj vključujejo Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. in Bacteroides spp. Na razvoj mikrobiote vplivajo način poroda, prehrana in izpostavljenost antibiotikom. Uporaba probiotikov pozitivno vpliva na kolonizacijo koristnih bakterij in zmanjšanje tveganja za nekrotizirajoči enterokolitis. Kljub obetavnim rezultatom so potrebne dodatne raziskave za določitev optimalnih sevov in odmerkov probiotikov. Razprava in zaključek: Razvoj črevesne mikrobiote nedonošenčkov se bistveno razlikuje od razvoja pri donošenih novorojenčkih. Zunanji dejavniki, kot so način poroda in prehrana, vplivajo na sestavo mikrobiote, kar poudarja pomen spodbujanja vaginalnega poroda in dojenja. Probiotiki so obetavni za izboljšanje zdravja nedonošenčkov, vendar potrebujemo več raziskav za optimizacijo protokolov in prilagoditev intervencij. Razumevanje razvoja mikrobiote nedonošenčkov je ključno za izboljšanje neonatalne oskrbe, smiselno pa bi bilo razviti individualizirane pristope in standardizirane smernice za uporabo probiotikov. Introduction: The gut microbiome in newborns, particularly in preterm infants, plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and health. Research shows that the microbiota of preterm infants is less diverse, with a higher presence of pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics, breastfeeding, and fecal transplantation are promising therapies for restoring healthy microbiota and preventing dysbiosis. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis was to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, particularly its development, key bacterial species, and the association of probiotics with children’s health. The focus was on understanding how the microbiota develops during the first weeks of life and how nutritional and microbiological interventions can improve health outcomes in preterm infants. Methods: A descriptive research method based on a systematic literature review was used in this bachelor’s thesis. Literature published between 2020 and 2025 in English and Slovenian was searched in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis databases. The search strategy was presented using a PRISMA flow diagram. Out of 1,702 search results, 13 sources that met the inclusion criteria and research questions were selected. The sources were evaluated according to their quality and thematic relevance. Results: The results of the systematic review showed that the gut microbiota of preterm infants develops more slowly than that of full-term infants, with a higher presence of pathogenic bacteria and lower diversity. Key bacteria for healthy development include Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Bacteroides spp.. The development of the microbiota is influenced by the mode of delivery, nutrition, and exposure to antibiotics. The use of probiotics positively affects the colonization of beneficial bacteria and reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Despite promising results, further research is needed to determine the optimal probiotic strains and dosages. Discussion and Conclusion: The development of the gut microbiota in preterm infants differs significantly from that in full-term newborns. External factors, such as the mode of delivery and nutrition, influence the composition of the microbiota, emphasizing the importance of promoting vaginal delivery and breastfeeding. Probiotics are promising for improving the health of preterm infants; however, further research is needed to optimize protocols and adapt interventions. Understanding the development of the microbiota in preterm infants is crucial for improving neonatal care, and it would be reasonable to develop individualized approaches and standardized guidelines for the use of probiotics. diplomska dela babištvo disbioza probiotična terapija bakterijska kolonizacija neonatalni razvoj diploma theses midwifery dysbiosis probiotic therapy bacterial colonization neonatal development true false false [T. Glavica] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-06-24 07:46:19 2026-06-24 07:46:27 2026-07-01 08:42:37 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana IX, 32 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 618.2/.7 160172 282666499 59426.pdf 59426.pdf 1 D29C284F396F28C9238E451E71689C9C acf0f09d563d19f4043a1d2387d55cbc2892304766a893610a2d3d2cc85aa8eb f5d81aab-6f8f-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=236464 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0