20.500.12556/RUL-183956 Analiza pojavnosti sintetičnih opioidov v skupini novih psihoaktivnih snovi med letoma 2015 in 2025 v Evropi Analysis of synthetic opioids incidence in a group of new psychoactive substances between 2015 and 2025 in Europe Nove psihoaktivne snovi (NPS) predstavljajo pomemben javnozdravstveni problem, saj se na trgu drog pojavljajo hitro, njihova sestava pa se nenehno spreminja. V izjemno heterogeni skupini NPS predstavljajo sintetični opioidi še posebno grožnjo zaradi svoje potentnosti, učinkovitosti ter velikega tveganja za depresijo dihanja in s tem povečanega tveganja za smrtne izide v primeru predoziranja. Namen magistrske naloge je bil analizirati pojavnost sintetičnih opioidov v skupini novih psihoaktivnih snovi v Evropi med letoma 2015 in 2025, s poudarkom na stanju v Sloveniji. Posebej smo se osredotočili na tiste sintetične opioide, ki jih Agencija Evropske unije za droge (EUDA) intenzivneje spremlja oz. imajo izdelano oceno tveganja. Podatke smo v glavnem pridobili iz podatkovne baze European Database on New Drugs (EDND II), ki deluje v okviru EUDA. Rezultati so pokazali, da se je med letoma 2015 in 2025 v Evropi spremljalo 82 sintetičnih opioidov. Po letu 2015 je število novo zaznanih sintetičnih opioidov izrazito naraslo, vrhunec pa je bil dosežen leta 2017, ko se je pojavilo kar 13 novih spojin. V zadnjih letih število na novo zaznanih spojin ostaja razmeroma stabilno (približno 7 novih spojin na leto). Največ različnih sintetičnih opioidov je bilo zaznanih v Nemčiji (48), sledita pa Švedska (39) in Slovenija (34). Izmed vseh 82 spojin, ki smo jih obravnavali, jih je 38 v Sloveniji uvrščenih na Seznam prepovedanih drog, 22 pa je takšnih, ki so opredeljeni kot kontrolirane droge. V podatkovno bazo EDNDII je bilo posredovanih 483 poročil in 503 različnih tipov vzorcev, povezanih s sintetičnimi opioidi. V preučevanem obdobju je bilo v Evropi poročano o osmih smrtnih primerih, neposredno povezanih z uporabo sintetičnih opioidov in šestih primerih, kjer je njihova uporaba povzročila hude neželene učinke. O smrtnih žrtvah zaradi sintetičnih opioidov v Sloveniji niso poročali. Sintetični opioidi zaradi velike potentnosti, hitrega širjenja in pogosto omejenih toksikoloških podatkov predstavljajo pomembno tveganje za javno zdravje. Glavno vlogo pri učinkovitem spremljanju sintetičnih opioidov ima Sistem zgodnjega opozarjanja, ki omogoča hitrejše prepoznavanje nevarnih spojin ter pravočasno ukrepanje na področju javnega zdravja, zakonodaje in zmanjševanja škode zaradi njihove uporabe. Nadaljnje spremljanje trendov pojavnosti sintetičnih opioidov bo ključno za izboljšanje pripravljenosti Evrope na hitro spreminjajoči se trg drog. New psychoactive substances (NPS) represent an important public health concern due to their rapid emergence on the drug market and their constantly changing chemical composition. Within the highly heterogeneous group of NPS, synthetic opioids pose a particularly serious threat because of their high potency, strong pharmacological activity, and substantial risk of respiratory depression, which significantly increases the likelihood of fatal overdose. The aim of this master’s thesis was to analyse the prevalence of synthetic opioids within the group of new psychoactive substances in Europe between 2015 and 2025, with a particular focus on the situation in Slovenia. Special attention was given to those synthetic opioids that are subject to intensive monitoring by the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) and those for which a formal risk assessment has been conducted. The data were primarily obtained from the European Database on New Drugs (EDND II), operating within the EUDA framework. The results showed that 82 synthetic opioids were monitored in Europe between 2015 and 2025. Following 2015, the number of newly detected synthetic opioids increased markedly, reaching a peak in 2017, when 13 new compounds were identified. In recent years, the number of newly detected substances has remained relatively stable, averaging approximately seven new compounds per year. The highest number of different synthetic opioids was detected in Germany (48), followed by Sweden (39) and Slovenia (34). Of the 82 compounds included in the analysis, 38 in Slovenia are listed on the List of Illicit Drugs, while 22 are classified as controlled substances. A total of 483 reports and 503 different sample types related to synthetic opioids were submitted to the EDND II database. During the studied period, eight deaths directly associated with the use of synthetic opioids and six cases involving severe adverse effects were reported in Europe. No deaths associated with synthetic opioids were reported in Slovenia. Due to their high potency, rapid spread, and frequently limited toxicological data, synthetic opioids represent a significant public health risk. The Early Warning System plays a crucial role in the effective monitoring of synthetic opioids by enabling the rapid identification of hazardous substances and timely responses in the fields of public health, legislation, and harm reduction. Continued monitoring of trends in the prevalence of synthetic opioids will be essential for improving Europe’s preparedness for the rapidly evolving drug market. Agencija Evropske unije za droge (EUDA) EDND II fentanil nove psihoaktivne snovi sintetični opioidi European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA) EDND II fentanyl new psychoactive substances synthetic opioids true false false [L. Račnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-06-23 08:45:31 2026-06-23 08:45:43 2026-07-07 15:27:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 615.214+ 615.212.7(043.2) 125545 282661379 32307.pdf 32307.pdf 1 7DD00BE14E8994E808AEB3D9D9356D23 31f950abd57ded1cc15c329f663dcb542567f95e118f04d509c393f982076fbc 1483ba3e-6ecf-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=236292 Fakulteta za farmacijo 0 0 0