20.500.12556/RUL-183925 Vpliv intenzivnosti obdelave tal in gnojenja na kolonizacijo korenin navadne kostrebe (Echinochloa crus-galli) in abesinske gizotije (Guizotia abyssinica) z arbuskularnimi mikoriznimi glivami Effects of Soil Tillage and Fertilization Intensity on Root Colonization of Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa Crus-Galli) and Guizotia Abyssinica (Guizotia Abyssinica) by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Arbuskularne mikorizne (AM) glive tvorijo simbiozo z večino kopenskih rastlin ter pomembno prispevajo k privzemu hranil, vode in odpornosti rastlin na abiotske in biotske stresne dejavnike. Poleg vpliva na rast in prehrano rastlin prispevajo tudi k izboljšanju strukture tal ter zmanjševanju izpiranja hranil. Na njihovo prisotnost in učinkovitost v tleh pomembno vplivajo kmetijske prakse, predvsem intenzivnost obdelave tal, način gnojenja in vnos pesticidov. V magistrski nalogi smo preučevali vpliv intenzivnosti obdelave tal in različnih načinov gnojenja na kolonizacijo korenin navadne kostrebe (Echinochloa crus-galli) in abesinske gizotije (Guizotia abyssinica) z AM glivami. Zanimalo nas je, kako konvencionalna in ohranitvena obdelava tal ter gnojenje (brez, mineralno, organsko) vplivajo na stopnjo kolonizacije korenin in pojavljanje arbuskulov. Poleg tega smo preučevali vlogo navadne kostrebe kot plevela in abesinske gizotije kot pokrovne rastline pri ohranjanju mikoriznega potenciala tal. Vzorčenje je potekalo v okviru dolgoročnega poljskega poskusa na laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Stopnjo mikorizne kolonizacije smo določili z mikroskopiranjem korenin po metodi Trouvelot s sod. (1986). Pri tem smo ocenjevali prisotnost hif in arbuskulov ter izračunali intenziteto mikorize (M %), intenziteto mikorize v koloniziranih delih korenin (m %), gostoto arbuskulov v koreninskem sistemu (A %) in gostoto arbuskulov v delu korteksa z mikorizno kolonizacijo (a %). Rezultati so pokazali, da sta obdelava tal in gnojenje vplivala na mikorizno kolonizacijo, izraziteje pri navadni kostrebi kot pri abesinski gizotiji. Pri navadni kostrebi so bili parametri kolonizacije korenin z mikoriznimi glivami najslabše ocenjeni pri kombinaciji konvencionalne obdelave tal in mineralnega gnojenja (T-NPK), več pa je bilo kolonizacije korenin in arbuskulov pa pri ohranitveni obdelavi tal brez gnojenja ter z organskim gnojenjem. Mineralno gnojenje je statistično značilno zmanjšalo intenziteto mikorize v koreninah navadne kostrebe v primerjavi z obravnavanjem z organskim gnojenjem in brez gnojenja. Pri obeh vrstah je bila kolonizacija praviloma večja pri ohranitveni kot pri konvencionalni obdelavi, vendar večina razlik ni bila statistično značilna. Abesinska gizotija je izkazovala majno stopnjo kolonizacije, vpliv obdelave tal in gnojenja pa pri njej ni bil potrjen. Rezultati kažejo, da kombinacija konvencionalne obdelave tal in mineralnega gnojenja negativno vpliva na razvoj arbuskularne mikorize, medtem ko ohranitvena obdelava tal in organsko gnojenje prispevata k ohranjanju mikoriznega potenciala tal. Navadna kostreba lahko kljub plevelni naravi deluje kot pomemben gostitelj AM gliv, ki lahko poveča mikorizni potencial v kmetijskih tleh, s tem pa tudi potencialno mikorizacijo kulturnih rastlin z lokalno prisotno združbo AM gliv. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants and play an important role in nutrient and water uptake, as well as in plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. They also improve soil structure and reduce nutrient leaching. Their presence and effectiveness in soils are strongly affected by agricultural practices, particularly tillage intensity and fertilization regime. In this study, we investigated the effects of tillage intensity and different fertilization regimes on AM fungal root colonization in barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and guizotia abyssinica (Guizotia abyssinica). We examined the effects of conventional and conservation tillage and of no fertilization, mineral fertilization, and organic fertilization on AM fungal root colonization and arbuscule occurrence. We also assessed the role of barnyard grass as a weed species and Guizotia abyssinica as a cover crop in maintaining soil mycorrhizal potential. Plant sampling was conducted in a long-term field experiment at the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana. Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed microscopically using the Trouvelot et al. (1986) method. The presence of hyphae and arbuscules was assessed, and the following parameters were calculated: mycorrhizal intensity (M%), intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in colonized root segments (m%), arbuscule abundance in the root system (A%), and arbuscule abundance in the mycorrhizal portion of the cortex (a%). Results showed that both tillage and fertilization influenced AM fungal colonization, with stronger effects in barnyard grass than in guizotia. In barnyard grass, the lowest mycorrhizal intensity was observed under conventional tillage combined with mineral fertilization (T-NPK), while higher values occurred under conservation tillage with no fertilization or organic fertilization. Mineral fertilization significantly reduced mycorrhizal intensity compared to organic and unfertilized treatments. In both species, colonization was generally higher under conservation tillage, although most differences were not statistically significant. Guizotia showed overall low colonization of roots with AM fungi, with no significant treatment effects. Overall, conventional tillage combined with mineral fertilization negatively affected arbuscular mycorrhiza, while conservation tillage and organic fertilization supported higher mycorrhizal potential in soil. The barnyard grass, despite its weedy nature, can serve as an important host for AM fungi, which may enhance the mycorrhizal potential in agricultural soils and potentially increase the mycorrhization of cultivated plants with the local community of AM fungi. arbuskularna mikoriza AM glive Echinochloa crus-galli Guizotia abyssinica obdelava tal gnojenje trajnostno kmetijstvo arbuscular mycorrhiza AM fungi Echinochloa crus-galli Guizotia abyssinica tillage fertilization sustainable agriculture true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-06-21 08:30:07 2026-06-21 08:30:26 2026-06-22 04:00:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 205151 51839.pdf 51839.pdf 1 19CD06175F19D50CC5A775D3D0A557E5 39e54fd6d47fbac109be98c8627108f34089f186d655d645b5067a8f7a714871 a07e9dfe-6d3a-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=236237 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0