20.500.12556/RUL-183907 Prvi stik in zgodnja navezanost z vidika socialnega dela z družino v obporodnem obdobju First Contact and Early Attachment from the Perspective of Social Work with Families in the Perinatal and Postnatal Period Namen magistrskega dela je osvetliti vlogo socialnega dela pri zgodnji podpori družinam, njegovo umeščanje v delovni tim porodnišnice ter prispevek k zdravju in blaginji otrok glede na pomen zgodnjih interakcij. Razvidnejša prisotnost socialnih delavk v obporodnem obdobju lahko prispeva k primarni preventivi, etični praksi varstva in zaščite otrok ter podpori staršev tako v njihovi osebni razvijajoči se izkušnji starševstva kot tudi v stiskah in pritiskih okolja, s katerimi se srečujejo. Teoretična izhodišča s spoznanji o razvoju navezanosti v najzgodnejšem obdobju otrokovega življenja temeljijo na predpostavki, da zadovoljive medosebne vezi pomembno oblikujejo njegov notranji svet in občutek varnosti. Pri tem pomembno spodbudo predstavljajo poporodne prakse, ki prispevajo k odzivnosti staršev na otrokove potrebe. Poseben poudarek je namenjen praksi sobivanja in stika koža na kožo, saj ta spodbuja regulacijo otroka in vzpostavljanje bližine, pri čemer predstavim pomen njenega ohranjanja tudi v specifičnih poporodnih okoliščinah. Proces hranjenja prikažem kot prostor za vzpostavljanje odnosne varnosti. Dojenje je umeščeno v širši kontekst temeljnih pravic otroka in matere ter mednarodnih zavez, pri čemer je vloga socialnega dela, v skladu z etičnimi načeli in strokovnimi kompetencami, predvsem v podpori staršem in v prepoznavanju socialnih, ekonomskih in sistemskih dejavnikov, ki lahko ovirajo dojenje. Teoretični del naslavlja tudi prostor socialnega dela v obporodni podpori družini, pri čemer predstavim znanstveno in strokovno opredelitev vloge socialnega dela v tem obdobju, mednarodne prakse dela ter izpostavim nekatere konceptualne pristope socialnega dela z družino. Obporodno obdobje je predstavljeno kot vstopna točka za celostno podporo družinam, zlasti v kompleksnih življenjskih okoliščinah. Posebna pozornost je namenjena tudi priložnostim za izboljšanje socialnodelovne podpore družinam s poudarkom na zgodnji in sistemski umeščenosti tudi v kontekstu varstva in zaščite otrok. Kljub mednarodnim priporočilom obstajajo sistemske vrzeli in pomanjkanje univerzalno priznane definicije stika koža na kožo, zato sem si v empiričnem delu raziskave prizadevala preveriti tudi ta razkorak. Metodologija raziskave temelji na kombiniranem in dvofaznem raziskovalnem pristopu: v prvi fazi so bili podatki zbrani s pomočjo vprašalnika na priložnostnem vzorcu polnoletnih bioloških mater, ki so rodile v eni od slovenskih porodnišnic. V drugi fazi sem izvedla narativne intervjuje z enajstimi materami, ki so izrazile pripravljenost za sodelovanje v prvi fazi raziskave. Naracije mater so omogočile poglobljen vpogled v njihove subjektivne izkušnje glede prvega stika z otrokom, retrospektivni pogled nanj, na proces vzpostavljanja navezanosti in hranjenja ter tudi v prepoznavanje varovalnih dejavnikov. Takšen pristop je omogočil metodološko triangulacijo, saj kvantitativni podatki prispevajo k širšemu pregledu značilnosti pojava, kvalitativni pa k razumevanju njegovih globljih, izkustvenih dimenzij. Rezultati kažejo na to, da je stik koža na kožo v slovenskih porodnišnicah večinoma uveljavljena poporodna praksa, vendar k njegovemu trajanju in kakovosti pomembno prispevajo okoliščine poroda. Navezanost med starši in otrokom ni odvisna le od prvega stika, temveč se razvija postopoma skozi kontinuirane interakcije, skrb in odzivnost. Kot ključni so se izkazali odnos in komunikacija zdravstvenega osebja ter individualizirana in celostna oskrba, ob čemer rezultati izpostavljajo tudi pomanjkljivo integracijo psihosocialne podpore v porodnišnično okolje in neizkoriščeno vlogo socialnega dela v obporodnem obdobju. Sklepne ugotovitve magistrskega dela lahko podprejo razvoj znanja za ravnanje socialnih delavk pri ozaveščeni in učinkoviti spodbudi ter krepitvi zgodnjih interakcij med otrokom in starši. Na podlagi ugotovitev sem predstavila nekaj predlogov in priložnosti za izboljšanje podpore in pomoči družinam v obporodnem obdobju, ki se dotikajo tako ravni izobraževanja in prakse kot tudi sistemskih ureditev. Ti poudarjajo potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju strokovnih delavk, podpori staršem – z vključitvijo vsebin o zgodnjem navezovanju, dojenju in psihosocialni podpori v program šole za starše; po večji vključenosti očetov; razvoju strokovnih usmeritev za prispevek socialnega dela k dojenju ter po dostopnih oblikah podpore in pomoči v predporodnem obdobju, ob in po njem, pri čemer si je v nadaljnje pomembno prizadevati za izboljšanje interdisciplinarne podpore v slovenskih porodnišnicah ter za raziskovanje izkušenj skupin z različnimi specifičnimi potrebami. The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to elucidate the role of social work in early family support, its integration within maternity hospital multidisciplinary teams and its contribution to children’s health and well-being, with regard to the significance of early interactions. A more prominent presence of social workers during the perinatal period can enhance primary prevention, ethical child protection practices and support for parents, both in their evolving personal experience of parenthood and amidst the environmental stressors and pressures they encounter. The theoretical framework, which incorporates findings on the development of attachment in the earliest stages of life, is based on the premise that satisfactory interpersonal bonds significantly shape a child’s internal world and sense of security. In this context, postpartum practices that foster parental responsiveness to the child's needs play an important role. Special emphasis is placed on rooming-in and skin-to-skin contact, as the latter promotes infant regulation and the establishment of a bond. The importance of maintaining this practice even in specific postpartum circumstances is also discussed. The feeding process is presented as an important context for establishing relational security. Breastfeeding is situated within the broader context of the fundamental rights of the mother and child, as well as international commitments. Here, the role of social work, in accordance with ethical principles and professional competencies, primarily involves supporting parents and identifying social, economic and systemic factors that may hinder breastfeeding. The theoretical section also addresses the position of social work in perinatal family support by presenting scientific and professional conceptualizations of the social worker’s role during this period, international practices and key conceptual approaches to family-centered social work. The perinatal period is presented as an entry point for comprehensive family support, particularly in complex life situations. Specific attention is given to opportunities for improving social work support, with an emphasis on early systemic integration within the context of child welfare and protection. Despite international recommendations, systemic gaps and the lack of a universally recognized definition of skin-to-skin contact persist. The empirical part of this research sought to investigate this gap. The research methodology is based on a two-phase mixed methods approach. In the first phase, data were collected via a questionnaire using a convenience sample of adult biological mothers who gave birth in Slovenian maternity hospitals. In the second phase, I conducted narrative interviews with eleven mothers who had expressed interest in participating in the first phase of the research. These narratives provided an in-depth insight into their subjective experiences of the first contact with their child, their retrospective reflections on it, the process of feeding and establishing attachment, as well as the identification of protective factors. This approach enabled methodological triangulation, as quantitative data provided a broader overview of the phenomenon’s characteristics, while qualitative data contributed to an understanding of its deeper, experiential dimensions. The results indicate that skin-to-skin contact is a largely established postpartum practice in Slovenian maternity hospitals. Its duration and quality, however, are significantly influenced by the circumstances of birth. Attachment between parents and the child is not solely dependent on initial postnatal contact but develops gradually through continuous interaction, care and responsiveness. The attitude and communication of medical staff, alongside individualized and comprehensive care, play a crucial role. Furthermore, the results highlight the insufficient integration of psychosocial support within the maternity hospital environment and the underutilized role of social work in the perinatal period. The concluding findings of this thesis can support the development of actionable knowledge for social workers in providing informed and effective encouragement and strengthening of early parent-child interactions. Based on these findings, proposals and opportunities for improving perinatal family support are presented, addressing education, practice and systemic frameworks. These emphasize the need for additional professional training; enhanced parental support through the inclusion of content on early attachment, breastfeeding and psychosocial support in parenting classes; greater involvement of fathers; the development of professional guidelines for the contribution of social work to breastfeeding and accessible forms of support throughout the pre-, peri- and postnatal periods. Moving forward, it is essential to strive for improved interdisciplinary support in Slovenian maternity hospitals and to further research the experiences of groups with diverse specific needs. obporodno obdobje zgodnja navezanost stik koža na kožo psihosocialna podpora socialno delo z družino perinatal period early attachment skin-to-skin contact psychosocial support social work with families true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-06-20 09:01:51 2026-06-20 09:02:12 2026-06-21 04:14:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 56748 20248.pdf 20248.pdf 1 1E3691287FDD34CCA5E0A8629DB1CCAD e94c78ce9ef17be08b90ffe6f6664929f90bb0e47402de8eed729497a104c09b e707aa50-6c75-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=236217 Fakulteta za socialno delo 0 0 0