20.500.12556/RUL-183606 Starševski in očetovski dopust ter njegova vloga pri spodbujanju aktivnega očetovstva in enakosti spolov magistrsko delo Parental and Paternity Leave and Its Role in Promoting Active Fatherhood and Gender Equality Očetovstvo se je v zadnjih desetletjih pomembno preoblikovalo, saj se je očetovska vloga iz tradicionalne vloge hranitelja razvila v vlogo aktivnega in skrbstvenega očeta, ki je vključen v otrokovo vsakdanje življenje. Tem spremembam je sledila tudi zakonodaja na področju starševstva, ki je doživela več pomembnih sprememb. Po spremembah iz leta 2023 očetom pripada 15 dni očetovskega dopusta, ki ga morajo izrabiti v strnjeni obliki do tretjega meseca starosti otroka, in 160 dni starševskega dopusta, od tega 60 dni neprenosljivih. Namen sprememb je predvsem spodbujanje enakomernejše porazdelitve skrbstvenih obveznosti in večja vključenost očetov v zgodnje obdobje otrokovega življenja. Ob tem se pojavljajo tudi novi izzivi, sploh na področju usklajevanja zasebnega in poklicnega življenja. Starši so vse pogosteje postavljeni pred zahtevno iskanje ravnovesja med delom in družinskim življenjem. V magistrskem delu sem želela ugotoviti, kaj staršem pomeni koncept aktivnega očetovstva. Zanimalo me je, kako doživljajo in razumejo očetovski, materinski in starševski dopust – ali ga dojemajo zgolj kot formalno pravico ali kot priložnost za aktivno vključevanje v starševstvo in vzpostavljanje odnosa z otrokom. Prav tako sem želela ugotoviti, ali so spremembe zakonodaje v praksi dosegle cilje, zastavljene z Direktivo EU 2019/1158 o usklajevanju poklicnega in zasebnega življenja staršev ter oskrbovalcev iz leta 2019. V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila koncept aktivnega očetovstva, njegove ključne dejavnike in razvoj očetovske vloge skozi čas. Posebno pozornost sem namenila vplivu staršev na otrokov razvoj v zgodnjem obdobju življenja. V nadaljevanju sem opisala, kako aktivno očetovstvo spodbuja enakost med spoloma in vlogo zakonodaje pri spodbujanju le-teh. Posebno poglavje sem namenila usklajevanju poklicnega in zasebnega življenja. V zaključnem delu sem analizirala slovensko zakonodajo, s poudarkom na starševskem in očetovskem dopustu. V empiričnem delu naloge sem opredelila ključne raziskovalne teme in predstavila metodološki okvir. V kvalitativno raziskavo, ki sem jo izvedla med januarjem in februarjem 2026, je bilo vključenih osem staršev, ki so koristili starševski oziroma očetovski dopust po uveljavitvi sprememb zakonodaje leta 2023. V raziskavo so bili vključeni tako očetje kot matere, saj je bil cilj pridobiti razumevanje aktivnega očetovstva in delitve skrbstvenih vlog s strani obeh staršev. Uporabila sem priložnosten in neslučajen vzorec, saj sem prve sogovornike izbrala na podlagi osebnih poznanstev, kasneje pa sem z metodo snežne kepe pridobila še nekaj novih sogovornikov. Podatke sem zbirala z metodo spraševanja, in sicer z delno standardiziranimi intervjuji. Na podlagi izvedene raziskave sem ugotovila, da starši pravice, ki jim pripadajo, razumejo predvsem kot pomembno priložnost za aktivno vključevanje v družinsko življenje. Aktivno očetovstvo opredeljujejo kot pomembno za otroka in vključuje fizično ter čustveno prisotnost, in sodelovanje pri skrbi za otroka, pri čemer se kažejo premiki k večji vključenosti očetov, a se v praksi še vedno pojavljajo določeni tradicionalni vzorci. Pomemben dejavnik večje vključenosti očetov se kaže v očetovskem dopustu, ki omogoča zgodnjo prisotnost očetov v družini. Ključno vlogo ima tudi delovno okolje, saj podpora delodajalcev in prilagodljive oblike dela olajšujejo usklajevanje poklicnega ter družinskega življenja. Sogovorniki slovensko zakonodajno ureditev ocenjujejo kot dobro in v nekaterih vidikih celo ugodnejšo v primerjavi z drugimi državami, a hkrati opozarjajo na možnost izboljšav. Na podlagi ugotovitev se kot ključni predlogi kažejo v spodbujanju očetov pri izrabi prenosljivega dela dopusta, izboljšanju informiranja o pravicah, ki pripadajo staršem, krepitvi družinam prijaznega delovnega okolja in naslavljanju družbenih stereotipov, pri čemer ima pomembno vlogo tudi socialno delo. Fatherhood has undergone significant transformation in recent decades, shifting from the traditional role of the breadwinner to that of an active and caregiving father who is involved in a child's everyday life. These social changes have been accompanied by developments in parental legislation, which has undergone several important reforms. Following the 2023 amendments, fathers are entitled to 15 days of paternity leave, to be taken consecutively within the first three months of the child's life, and 160 days of parental leave, of which 60 days are non-transferable. The primary aim of these changes is to promote a more equal distribution of caregiving responsibilities and greater involvement of fathers in the early stages of a child's life. At the same time, new challenges have emerged, particularly in balancing private and professional life, as parents increasingly face the demanding task of reconciling work and family responsibilities. The aim of this master's thesis was to explore what the concept of active fatherhood means to parents. Specifically, it examined how parents perceive and understand paternity, maternity, and parental leave–whether as a formal entitlement or as an opportunity for active engagement in parenting and relationship-building with the child. Additionally, the study sought to assess whether the legislative changes have achieved the objectives set out in Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers. The theoretical part presents the concept of active fatherhood, its key determinants, and the development of the paternal role over time, with particular emphasis on the influence of parents on early childhood development. It further discusses the role of active fatherhood in promoting gender equality and the importance of legislation in supporting these processes. A separate section is devoted to the reconciliation of work and private life, while the concluding theoretical chapter analyzes Slovenian legislation, with a focus on parental and paternity leave. The empirical part outlines the methodological framework. The qualitative study, conducted between January and February 2026, included eight parents who had utilized parental or paternity leave following the 2023 legislative changes. Both fathers and mothers were included to gain a comprehensive understanding of active fatherhood and the division of caregiving roles from the perspective of both parents. A convenience, non-probability sample was used: initial participants were selected through personal contacts, and additional participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, enabling an in-depth insight into parents' experiences, perceptions, and attitudes. The findings indicate that parents primarily perceive their entitlements as an important opportunity for active involvement in family life. Active fatherhood is understood as significant for the child and encompasses physical and emotional presence, as well as participation in childcare. Although there are clear shifts toward greater parental involvement, certain traditional patterns persist in practice. Paternity leave emerges as a key factor facilitating fathers' early involvement in family life. The work environment also plays a cruical role, as employer support and flexible working arrangements ease the reconciliation of professional and family responsibilities. Participants generally assess the Slovenian legislative framework as well-developed and, in some respects, even more favourable compared to other countries, while also pointing to areas for improvement. Key recommendations include encouraging fathers to make greater use of the transferable portion of parental leave, improving access to information about parental rights, strengthening family-friendly work environments, and addressing societal stereotypes, with social work playing an important role in these efforts. aktivno očetovstvo očetovski dopust starševski dopust enakost spolov delovno okolje active fatherhood paternity leave parental leave gender equality work environment true false false [T. Šiška] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-06-16 09:01:10 2026-06-16 09:01:18 2026-07-07 14:24:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana 150 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 331.32-055.1 56686 283950083 20260.pdf 20260.pdf 1 254196D7C32C2FF338B89232300506CE 328c1eb2d555db725d490e8eddf3944c367621a5f4e1990afd9a536530c79f46 1e70397e-6951-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=235713 Fakulteta za socialno delo 0 0 0