20.500.12556/RUL-183287 Copper penetration in wood as studied by hyperspectral and µXRF imaging Understanding the distribution and retention of copper in preservative-treated wood is essential for ensuring the durability and service performance of timber used in demanding environments. This study applies two advanced, complementary imaging techniques-near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF), to evaluate copper penetration patterns in European beech and Scots pine wood treated with copper-amine preservatives, copper–tall-oil formulations, and dual treatment systems. Laboratory-prepared specimens, industrially treated railway sleepers, and increment cores from in-service utility poles were analysed to provide a comprehensive assessment across treatment conditions. HSI enabled rapid, non-destructive visualisation of chemical and structural changes associated with preservative uptake, highlighting differences in penetration linked to treatment intensity and formulation. Micro-XRF mapping provided high-resolution elemental distribution of copper, confirming penetration gradients and treatment uniformity. Results consistently showed that vacuum–pressure processes yielded the deepest and most homogeneous copper distribution, while dipping produced limited penetration. Dual copper–amine and tall-oil treatments improved overall preservative retention and spatial uniformity compared with single-system treatments. Combined HSI and micro-XRF analysis proved highly effective for evaluating treatment quality, offering enhanced insight into preservative behaviour in both laboratory and industrial wood products. copper penetration hyperspectral imaging micro‑X‑ray fluorescence wood preservative treatments beech scots pine prodiranje bakra hiperspektralno slikanje mikrorentgenska fluorescenca sredstva za zaščito lesa bukev bor true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Drugo 2026-06-10 10:29:17 2026-06-10 10:29:27 2026-06-11 04:09:53 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 14 str. 0000-00-00 PostprintKoncna Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 630*8 280085507 82640387 IRG_26-20777_Humar_copper_visualisation_DJ.pdf IRG_26-20777_Humar_copper_visualisation_DJ.pdf 1 A1EC766C3317E4641FD19232A276E3E5 6a6cb285ecb6c09f1d5d45a5f54adab97edfc9aef27b81a65fe79540ffb90216 6c1e686e-64ac-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=235266 https://www.irg-wp.com/irgdocs/details.php?41c6cced-f929-475f-8e85-985b2e3144bb 1 7c425379-64a6-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=235256 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0