20.500.12556/RUL-183269 Enterovirus D68 circulation between 2014 and 2022 in Slovenian children Introduction: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) belongs to the Picornaviridae family, genus Enterovirus. It is mostly known as a respiratory virus causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections, but it is also rarely associated with a variety of central nervous system complications, with acute flaccid myelitis being reported most frequently. This study assesses the incidence, seasonality, clinical presentation, and molecular epidemiology of the EV-D68 strain in EV-positive children hospitalized between 2014 and 2022 at the largest pediatric medical center in Slovenia. Methods: EV-D68 was detected using specific qRT-PCR, whereas partial VP1 sequences were obtained with Sanger sequencing, and further analyzed using the software CLC Main Workbench version 7 and MEGA version X. Results: EV-D68 was detected in 154 out of 1,145 (13.4%) EV-positive children. In the two epidemic years, 2014 and 2016, EV-D68 was most frequently detected in the summer and early autumn, peaking in September. The median age of EV-D68–infected children was 3 years (IQR 1–3 years), with a female: male ratio of 1:1.17. Rhinorrhea was present in 74.0% of children, respiratory distress in 82.5%, and hypoxemia requiring supplemental oxygen in 44.1%. Out of 154 patients, 80.0% were hospitalized, with a median stay of 2 days (IQR 1–3 days). Lower respiratory tract infection was observed in 89.0% of EV-D68–positive patients, with bronchitis and bronchiolitis being most frequently diagnosed. No central nervous system manifestations of EV-D68 infection were observed in the study cohort. Phylogenetic analysis of partial VP1 sequences of EV-D68 revealed close similarity to the EV-D68 variants that were circulating in other European countries in these years. Discussion: Slovenia faced two EV-D68 epidemics in 2014 and 2016; however, after 2016 only nine more cases were detected until the end of the study period. Based on the results of this study, EV-D68 was a frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection among EV-positive patients. However, none of the patients we studied needed ICU treatment, and none developed acute flaccid paralysis. Our results indicate that EV-D68 is not present constantly, so additional monitoring studies should be conducted in the future to better understand the implications of this EV type in human disease. virologija enterovirusi kroženje virusov pojavnost true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Članek v reviji 2026-06-10 06:32:48 2026-06-10 09:09:52 2026-07-23 10:53:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 11 str. Vol. 4 Jan. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 578 2673-818X 10.3389/fviro.2024.1335752 183095299 RAZ_Ursic_Tina_2024.pdf RAZ_Ursic_Tina_2024.pdf 1 D6D791011F78491869EBEBD473A7181D ca433010bc3626b18b066b2e0b98095a01ba263e629585fce1ae121b0a9b6beb 0e773997-649b-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=235248 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1335752/full 1 6fe106eb-6485-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=235233 Medicinska fakulteta 0 0 0