20.500.12556/RUL-182997 Parking infrastructure in building carbon footprint assessment impact of methodological approaches Parking infrastructure is an important yet often inconsistently treated element in whole-life carbon footprint assessments and broader building sustainability evaluation. With the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) introducing mandatory global warming potential (GWP) reporting, the influence of methodological choices on GWP re sults requires a clearer understanding. This study examines six multi-apartment residential (MAR) projects featuring four distinct parking typologies to quantify how parking infras tructure affects calculated GWP outcomes. Using EN 15804-compliant life cycle assessment (LCA) data, we evaluate four methodological approaches for including parking infrastruc ture in GWP calculations and the approach mandated by the delegated act supplementing the EPBD (DA-EPBD). The results show that parking infrastructure can account for up to 39% of embodied and up to 25% of whole life cycle emissions. Methodological approaches significantly influenced the GWP results, leading to differences of up to 32% in sample median values. An inconsistency in the DA-EPBD approach is identified, resulting in better GWPperformance for projects including large-area attached parking infrastructure, while leading to higher GWP values for projects with detached parking. The findings highlight the sensitivity of GWP outcomes to methodological assumptions regarding parking infras tructure and underscore the need for clear national GWP calculation rules when integrating DA-EPBDrequirements. global warming potential Energy Performance of Buildings Directive life cycle assessment LCA EPBD GWP multi-apartment buildings parking infrastructure sustainable building design sustainability indicators potencial segrevanja ozračja Direktiva o energetski učinkovitosti stavb ocenjevanje življenjskega cikla večstanovanjske stavbe infrastruktura za parkiranje trajnostno načrtovanje stavb indikatorji trajnosti true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-06-01 08:54:16 2026-06-01 08:54:24 2026-06-02 04:34:15 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 24 str. issue 11, art. 5363 Vol. 18 May 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 502.131.1 2071-1050 10.3390/su18115363 279944195 Bozicek...-Parking_infrastructure_in_building_carbon_footprint_assessment.pdf Bozicek...-Parking_infrastructure_in_building_carbon_footprint_assessment.pdf 1 54AD5F8E954C8AD9DE07C1A18714D572 840b3a67d04d4973501ecab9dfbb1cbfe18b8026f6c6a487c901f89fb1ecc4d2 ad2f263e-5d86-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=234722 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/18/11/5363 1 5edbcb2e-5d86-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=234720 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo 0 0 0