20.500.12556/RUL-182555 Ocena genetskih razdalj med izbranimi pasmami psov in koeficientov sorodstva znotraj pasem Assessment of genetic distances between selected dog breeds and inbreeding coefficients within breeds Genetska pestrost je ključnega pomena za preprečevanje kopičenja škodljivih mutacij, zmanjšanje pojavnosti genetskih bolezni ter vzdrževanje vitalnosti populacij psov. Intenzivna selekcija in vzrejne strategije so pri številnih pasmah povzročile zoženje genskega sklada in povečanje koeficienta inbridinga, kar se odraža v večji pojavnosti dednih bolezni. Tradicionalni pristopi, ki temeljijo na analizi rodovniških podatkov, pogosto ne odražajo dejanske genetske strukture populacije, zato imajo pomembno vlogo napredne molekularne metode, kot so mikrosatelitni markerji (STR) in SNP genotipizacija. Namen magistrskega dela je bil oceniti genetske razdalje med izbranimi pasmami psov ter določiti koeficiente inbridinga in stopnjo genetske pestrosti z uporabo markerjev STR (set ISAG2006) in SNP (set ISAG2020). V raziskavi smo z uporabo metod, kot so izolacija DNA, PCR, gelska in kapilarna elektroforeza, fragmentna analiza ter bioinformacijska obdelava podatkov, pripravili genetske profile psov različnih pasem. Na tej osnovi smo oblikovali skupine pasem s skupnim genetskim ozadjem ter ocenili heterozigotnost, inbriding in genetske razdalje. Primerjava markerjev je pokazala, da SNP omogočajo natančnejšo oceno heterozigotnosti in strukture populacij, medtem ko so STR markerji učinkoviti pri analizi sorodstvenih odnosov in identifikaciji posameznikov. Dobljeni rezultati poudarjajo pomen genetskih analiz pri načrtovanju vzreje in ohranjanju genetske raznolikosti pasem psov. Uporaba molekularnih markerjev omogoča zmanjševanje tveganja za pojav dednih bolezni ter prispeva k dolgoročnemu ohranjanju zdravih in stabilnih populacij. Genetic diversity is crucial for preventing the accumulation of harmful mutations, reducing the incidence of genetic diseases, and maintaining the vitality of dog populations. Intensive selection and breeding strategies have led to a narrowing of the gene pool and an increase in the inbreeding coefficient in many breeds, which is reflected in a higher incidence of hereditary diseases. Traditional approaches based on the analysis of pedigree data often do not reflect the actual genetic structure of the population, which is why advanced molecular methods such as microsatellite markers (STR) and SNP genotyping play an important role. The purpose of the master's thesis was to estimate the genetic distances between selected dog breeds and determine the inbreeding coefficients and the level of genetic diversity using STR (set ISAG2006) and SNP (set ISAG2020) markers. In the study, we prepared genetic profiles of dogs of different breeds using methods such as DNA isolation, PCR, gel and capillary electrophoresis, fragment analysis, and bioinformatic data processing. On this basis, we formed groups of breeds with a common genetic background and assessed heterozygosity, inbreeding and genetic distances. Comparison of markers showed that SNPs allow for a more accurate assessment of heterozygosity and population structure, while STR markers are effective in analyzing kinship relationships and identifying individuals. The obtained results emphasize the importance of genetic analyses in breeding planning and maintaining the genetic diversity of dog breeds. The use of molecular markers allows for reducing the risk of hereditary diseases and contributes to the long-term maintenance of healthy and stable populations. DNA profil genetska pestrost heterozigotnost inbriding pes SNP STR DNA profile dog genetic diversity heterozygosity inbreeding SNP STR true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-05-16 07:15:22 2026-05-16 07:15:37 2026-05-17 04:39:09 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 279733 57606.pdf 57606.pdf 1 98C99905CB435FA93C12DD529D393421 055e04cf3fec0e5b251880d7259ec03a9a8f95a92c557f2d7989039525a6215e fd8f4f05-50e5-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=233930 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0