20.500.12556/RUL-182299 Two-photon 3D printing of functional microstructures inside living cells 3D printing is transforming manufacturing and biomedicine, yet it has not been demonstrated inside living cells. Additionally, there is no method to deliver micron-scale, free-standing solid microstructures directly into the cytosol of non-phagocytic cells. Here, both of these challenges are addressed by fabricating custom-shaped polymeric microstructures directly inside living cells using two-photon polymerization. A bio-compatible photoresist is injected into cells and selectively polymerized with a femtosecond laser, creating intracellular structures with submicron resolution. Structures of various shapes are printed in live cells, including a 10 elephant, barcodes for cell tracking, diffraction gratings for remote readout, and microlasers. The printed structures in cells can affect the cell biology. The demonstrated top-down intracellular biofabrication approach, combined with functional photoresists, may enable new applications in intracellular sensing, biomechanical manipulation, bioelectronics, and targeted drug delivery. These embedded structures could provide novel control over the intracellular environment, allowing engineering of cellular properties beyond natural limits and genetic engineering. living cells polymeric microstructure 3D printing intracellular biofabrication intracellular devices two-photon lithography žive celice polimerne mikrostrukture fotoni 3D tiskanje biomedicina true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-05-06 15:38:30 2026-05-06 15:38:35 2026-05-07 04:53:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 12 str. iss. 25, art. e19286 Vol. 38 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 577 1521-4095 10.1002/adma.202519286 265955331 Advanced_Materials_-_2026_-_Mur_-_Two‐Photon_3D_Printing_of_Functional_Microstructures_Inside_Living_Cells.pdf Advanced_Materials_-_2026_-_Mur_-_Two‐Photon_3D_Printing_of_Functional_Microstructures_Inside_Living_Cells.pdf 1 1722ACE889E3232AEDE5134142C5DD67 84f83a5ac5e6ed269a655273c9d8b9615dc41fa66f1c40e29f2f118909d2f99d 0e95d014-4951-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=233440 https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202519286 1 979def22-4950-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=233439 Fakulteta za matematiko in fiziko 0 0 0