20.500.12556/RUL-182129 Analiza kritičnosti elementov elektroenergetskega omrežja Criticality analysis of power network elements Ohranjanje stabilnosti in zanesljivosti elektroenergetskega sistema je ena glavnih nalog sistemskih operaterjev omrežja. Za uspešno izvedbo te naloge je potrebno poznati najbolj kritične elemente v omrežju, ki bi ob morebitnem izpadu najbolj vplivali na razmere v sistemu in ga posledično najbolj ogrozili. Namen te magistrske naloge je ustvariti metodo, ki bi te elemente določila na podlagi več dejavnikov. Metoda bo tudi testirana na poenostavljenem modelu slovenskega elektroenergetskega sistema, rezultati in postopek pa bodo predstavljeni v nalogi. Prejšnji pristopi k ugotavljanju kritičnosti so večinoma vključevali metode, ki se osredotočajo na eno spremenljivko kot glavni kriterij, metoda, prikazana tukaj, pa se bo na več različnih spremenljivk. Glavne uporabljene metode so analiza izračuna pretokov moči, N-1 sigurnostna analiza in Saatyjeva metoda. V nalogi bodo prav tako na kratko predstavljeni prejšnji pristopi: indeksi zmogljivosti, občutljivostna analiza, indeksi napetostne stabilnosti, umetna inteligenca, verjetnostni kazalniki in metode na osnovi entropije. Naloga je izvedena s pomočjo programskega jezika Python in programa Power Factory, kjer so izvedene simulacije izračuna pretokov moči. Program najprej izklopi en element v omrežju, naredi simulacijo, iz omrežja prebere in shrani potrebne podatke in element ponovno vklopi. Ta postopek se ponovi za vsak daljnovod, generator, transformator in kompenzacijsko napravo v modelu omrežja. Za vsak primer izklopa so potem izračunani količniki za naslednje količine: p. u. napetost kot napetosti, izgube, pretoki moči, preobremenitve in ENS. Kot osnova za izračun količnikov je uporabljena formula za MAPE (Mean absolute percentage error) povsod, kjer je to smiselno (izgube in ENS so računani drugače). Vsi količniki so nato normirani z največjim količnikom v svoji kategoriji, tako da so vrednosti lahko primerljive v končnih rezultatih. Preden so vse količine seštete v končno enačbo kritičnosti, pa je vsaki določena še pripadajoča utež glede na pomembnost posamezne količine. To je storjeno s Saatyjevo metodo, pri kateri so v matriko vstavljena razmerja med količinami, predhodno razdeljenimi v tri skupine. V prvi so izgube in kot napetosti, v drugi p. u. napetost, ENS in pretoki moči ter v zadnji preobremenitve, ki lahko potencialno povzročijo največjo škodo v sistemu. Količnik vsake količine je množen s pripadajočo utežjo, končna enačba, kjer so sešteti vsi uteženi količniki, pa da kritičnost posameznega elementa. Končni rezultat te naloge je graf, na katerem so prikazani vsi elementi v omrežju, razvrščeni po kritičnosti. Z grafa je tako razvidno, kateri elementi so za omrežje najpomembnejši, tako da se bo v prihodnosti nanje usmerilo največ pozornosti pri vzdrževanju in nadgradnji omrežja. V tej nalogi rezultati, ki so predstavljeni, ne prikazujejo stanja na nobenem realnem sistemu, vendar pa je namen, da bo metoda v prihodnosti uporabljena na realnih elektroenergetskih sistemih. Maintaining the stability and reliability of power grid system is one of the main tasks of system operators. For its success it is important to know which of the elements are the most important ones and would cause the most damage or have the most impact on conditions in the system The purpose of this master's thesis is to create a method, which would determine these elements on the basis of multiple factors. The method will also be tested on a simplified version of the Slovenian power grid system, the results and the procedure will be presented in the thesis. Most of the previous approaches were focused on methods prioritizing only one variable as its main criterium, while the method shown here focuses on many different ones. Main used methods are: Loadflow analysis, contingency analysis and Saaty method. This thesis will aslo briefly present the following previous methods: performance indices, sensitivity analysis, voltage stability indices, artificial intelligence, probability indices and entropy-based methods. The assignment is carried out using python and a program called Power Factory, which conducts the loadflow simulations. The algorithm will turn one element in the grid off, conducts a simulation, gathers all the necessary data and turns the element back on. This procedure is then repeated for every line, generator, transformer and compensation device in the model. For every case of contingency the coefficients are calculated fort he following quantities: p.u. voltage, voltage angle, losses, power flows, overloading and ENS. Wherever possible (losses and ENS being the exceptions) the basis for calculating these coefficients is the MAPE (Mean absolute percentage error) formula. Every coefficient is then normalized using the maximum index within that category so that the values are comparable in the final results. Before all of them are summed up in the final importance equation, each quantity is assigned a weight, depending on the importance of each quantity. This is done using the Saaty method, where the inputs in the matrix are the relationships between the quantities. They are divided into three groups. The first group includes losses and voltage angle, the second includes p.u. voltage, ENS, and power flows, and the last group consists of overloads, which can potentially cause the greatest damage to the system. Then the index of each quantity is multiplied by its weight and added to the final equation of importance which sum all weighted indices, providing the importance of each element. The final product of this thesis is the graph, showing all the elements in the grid, ranked by their importance. The graph shows, which elements in the grid are the most important, meaning that they should be focused on, in terms of maintenance and upgrades, in the future. The results presented here, are not from any of the real grids, but its purpose was to develop a method which can be used on them in the future. Kritičnost Power Factory N-1 sigurnostna analiza analiza izračuna pretokov moči Importance Power Factory Contingency analysis loadflow analysis true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-04-24 13:55:03 2026-04-24 13:55:21 2026-05-27 13:39:19 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 279567875 63311 Kelava_Goran_-_Analiza_kriticnosti_elementov_elektroenergetskega_omrezja.pdf Kelava_Goran_-_Analiza_kriticnosti_elementov_elektroenergetskega_omrezja.pdf 1 0469C8B49CB469ECC6372EC26E4AF7D5 119877be4f2ecd9e4c9bafdfc27219c09bad262703a7464270581b589a81990c 37aa256f-3fd4-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=233102 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0