20.500.12556/RUL-181935 Development of an hourly bottom-up emission inventory to assess air pollution dispersion with GRAMM/GRAL in complex terrain The detailed spatial and temporal emission inventory, prepared on an hourly basis and at a 250 × 250-meter grid, coupled with the local dispersion modeling system GRAMM/GRAL, helps to identify the impact of primary emission sources on air pollution. Our study was conducted in the complex subalpine city of Ljubljana. We prepared a detailed emission inventory for the most contributive sectors, which are industry, transport, small combustion, and agriculture for NOx, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOCs, and NH3 emissions in the year 2021. The total estimated annual emissions for Ljubljana were 1,935 tons of NOₓ, 393 tons of PM10, 315 tons of PM2.5, 1,847 tons of NMVOCs, and 168 tons of NH3. A comprehen sive uncertainty analysis was conducted to assess the reliability of the emission inventory. Results from the GRAMM/ GRAL dispersion model illustrate the spatial distribution of pollutants, which closely follows the geographical patterns of emission sources. Statistical comparison between modeled and observed concentrations indicates moderate agreement for PM10 and stronger agreement for NO2. Additionally, PMF analysis at the Vič monitoring station shows a consistent representation of primary emission sources compared with the model results. Overall, the results of this study improve understanding of atmospheric emission dynamics and provide a scientific basis for evidence-based decision-making aimed at reducing pollutant concentrations and protecting public health. emission inventory spatio-temporal distribution complex terrain air quality modelling PMF receptor model true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Ljubljana (Slovenija ; regija) Članek v reviji 2026-04-20 12:27:58 2026-04-20 12:28:05 2026-07-15 10:47:08 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 20 str. iss. 1 vol. 19 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 504.3.054 (497.451.1) 1873-9326 10.1007/s11869-026-01992-9 275726339 RAZ_Dolsak_Lavric_Petra_2026.pdf RAZ_Dolsak_Lavric_Petra_2026.pdf 1 0AF0E461DACA82F04BD856A5B7789F5B 24efc37258aceae2185c32b80f51a1ef9b785f0b75f9a49d637fd9dc304b5bf4 73a19210-3edd-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=232952 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-026-01992-9 1 62d22a9f-3ca3-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=232739 Medicinska fakulteta Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0