20.500.12556/RUL-181118 Internet memes as an element of free speech online Internet memes, a ubiquitous element of today’s online communication, are not just a form of entertainment. They convey ideas in a graphic form, relying on the participants’ shared cultural knowledge. Memes created by appropriating aspects of popular culture are derivative works based on copyright-protected materials. Despite being made with little regard for copyright rules, Internet users generally perceive memes as non-problematic. The Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market mandates content-sharing service providers to obtain licences for user-generated content or filter out any infringing content. This has sparked concerns that strict upload filters will erase popular memes with unsettled legal status, potentially reshaping the landscape of online communication. This chapter discusses which exceptions and limitations under the EU copyright law could ensure the legality of Internet memes and strike a balance between the interests of the rightholders and freedom of expression. It discusses caricature, parody and pastiche, as well as the compatibility of the available exceptions and limitations with content-recognition technologies. The distinction between commercial and non-commercial use is also considered. Spletni memi, ki so danes nepogrešljiv del spletne komunikacije, niso zgolj oblika zabave. Ideje prenašajo v slikovni obliki in se pri tem opirajo na skupno kulturno znanje udeležencev. Memi, ustvarjeni z uporabo elementov popularne kulture, so predelave z avtorskimi pravicami varovanih del. Čeprav so ustvarjeni brez upoštevanja pravil avtorskega prava, jih spletni uporabniki na splošno dojemajo kot neproblematične. Direktiva o avtorskih pravicah na enotnem digitalnem trgu nalaga ponudnikom storitev za izmenjavo vsebin, da pridobijo licence za uporabniške vsebine, ali da odstranijo vse vsebine, ki kršijo pravice tretjih To je sprožilo zaskrbljenost, da bodo strogi filtri za nalaganje izbrisali priljubljene meme z nejasnim pravnim statusom, kar bi lahko spremenilo podobo spletne komunikacije. Poglavje obravnava, katere izjeme in omejitve v skladu z zakonodajo EU o avtorskih pravicah bi lahko zagotovile zakonitost internetnih memov in vzpostavile ravnovesje med interesi imetnikov pravic in svobodo izražanja. Obravnava karikature, parodije in pastiše ter združljivost razpoložljivih izjem in omejitev s tehnologijami za prepoznavanje vsebin. Obravnava tudi razliko med komercialno in nekomercialno uporabo. memes parody pastiche upload filters non-commercial use internetni memi parodija pastiš filtri za nalaganje nekomercialna raba true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Delo ni kategorizirano 2026-03-25 15:06:33 2026-03-26 12:33:24 2026-03-27 04:31:04 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Str. 415-435 0000-00-00 PostprintKoncna Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347:004 10.4324/9781003466390-24 273023235 273003779 Damjan,_Internet_memes_&_free_speech.pdf Damjan,_Internet_memes_&_free_speech.pdf 1 5F05D54477051845BBFFAE316D5EDC33 d852f0906fc40d50d2966cc5fde315d1fa930074054d63780cd3f1a1e7b351e9 bec94475-2853-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=231305 https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003466390-24 1 b91a8445-2853-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=231304 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0