20.500.12556/RUL-180952 Multigrain bread: impact of germinated grain supplement on phytochemical profile and technological and nutritional properties Modern diets often provide insufficient health-promoting nutrients, prompting the de velopment of enriched staple foods. This study investigated the impact of incorporating germinated spelt (Triticum spelta), naked oat (Avena nuda), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seeds at 30% and 60% levels on the nutritional, technological, and sensory prop erties of wheat bread. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis verified the successful transfer of grain-specific bioactive compounds into the dough and bread matrix—benzoxazinoids (BOA, MBOA) from spelt, avenanthramides (AVN A, B, C) from oats, and flavonoids (e.g., rutin, vitexin, orientin) from buckwheat—emphasizing both free and bound metabolite fractions. Multigrain breads exhibited a complementary phytochemical profile. The antioxidant properties of the enriched breads were markedly enhanced, with germinated buckwheat providing the most pronounced increase. Analysis confirmed a significant increase in dietary fibre content proportional to the level of germi nated grain addition, with almost double the content in 60% multigrain bread. Texture analysis indicated that the control crumb exhibited the greatest relative firming over 48 h during storage. Sensory evaluation showed that all of the enriched breads received high ac ceptability scores (>18/20). The incorporation of germinated seeds effectively enhances the nutritional value of bread, offering a promising strategy for developing health-promoting bakery products. germinated grains multigrain bread secondary metabolites LC-MS/MS phenolic compounds antioxidant activity dietary fibre technological properties kruh kaljena zrna sekundarni metaboliti fenolne spojine antioksidativna aktivnost dietna vlaknina true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-03-20 11:45:26 2026-03-20 11:45:32 2026-03-23 03:50:41 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 20 str. iss. 6, art. 1029 Vol. 15 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-01-01 664.665:581.142:547.56:604.4 2304-8158 10.3390/foods15061029 271801603 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/15/6/1029 1 d575f7f2-2449-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230974 RAZ_Zivkovic_Andrej_2026.pdf RAZ_Zivkovic_Andrej_2026.pdf 1 69514EE348C25E7D009CCFB24A328C70 3f4ca7f72dac39811b89afd824b97278649b7d7034087540508dfefaeb655d69 187e967f-244a-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230975 Biotehniška fakulteta 0 0 0