20.500.12556/RUL-180899 Impact of passive energy efficiency measures on embodied and operational GWP a parametric study of detached houses under evolving grid and climate conditions This study re-evaluates detached-house decarbonisation strategies, focusing on the interactions among passive design strategies, including structural materials, architectural form, and thermal insulation. The large-scale parametric analysis of 496,800 models shows that among the 8 passive design measures considered, those related to the U-value, shape, and material of the load-bearing structure have the greatest influence. Although technological improvements and global warming are projected to reduce heating demand, and grid decarbonisation decreases the carbon footprint, energy efficiency remains a crucial factor. However, excessively well-insulated envelopes (U < 0.15 W/m2K) can increase total global warming potential (GWP) on shorter timescales (30 years or less) due to embodied carbon, highlighting the importance of optimising thermal insulation for long-term carbon reduction and passive performance. Based on the evaluated cross-laminated timber cases, we demonstrate that low upfront embodied impact enables greater design freedom, resulting in less stringent insulation requirements and greater flexibility for passive design integration. Nonetheless, the results for brick and reinforced concrete cases show that, besides material choices, shape and energy efficiency are imperative for achieving optimal life-cycle GWP values, with compact models reaching comparative GWP values to those of non-compact CLT models. Ultimately, holistic decarbonisation requires understanding how material choice dictates design strategy: leveraging low-embodied materials to expand design possibilities and enhance passive performance, while requiring compactness for high-embodied ones to achieve long-term carbon reduction and minimise reliance on active systems. life cycle assessment whole-life carbon passive design climate change adaptation global warming potential detached houses ocena življenjskega cikla ogljik v celotni življenjski dobi pasivno načrtovanje prilagajanje podnebnim spremembam potencial globalnega segrevanja enodružinske hiše true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-03-19 09:54:05 2026-03-19 09:54:16 2026-03-22 04:00:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 14 str. Vol. 359, art. 117308 May 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 620.92:502.174.3 1872-6178 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117308 272118275 Pajek...-Impact_of_passive_energy_efficiency_measures_on_embodied_and_operational.pdf Pajek...-Impact_of_passive_energy_efficiency_measures_on_embodied_and_operational.pdf 1 B14CC91CAFA217E169127C89179FD840 e5937e7b9fa4470c9af7338704ad2bf73f016aa9283e0ce1895e59641dd679a0 5c0c53bf-2371-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230848 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778826003683 1 2145e81a-2371-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230847 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo 0 0 0