20.500.12556/RUL-180541 Monitoring the subjective internal load in elite level kumite-karate athletes role of the rest periods duration, breathing techniques, and training volume Spremljanje subjektivne notranje obremenitve pri vrhunskih kumite-karate športnikih vloga trajanja počitka, dihalnih tehnik in obsega treninga Objectives: Study aimed to investigate interdependent effects of rest periods duration, breathing techniques, and training volume, on the set Rating of Perceived Exertion in elite-level karate athletes. Equipment and methods: Nine elite-level athletes (males = 6) participated in this study. We organized six training sessions, each consisting of 200 gyaku-zuki strikes divided into five sets with 40 repetitions per set, with varying rest and breathing techniques (kime, kiai, and without exhalation). The sessions included both short (30 seconds) and long (90 seconds) rest periods, and the training volume was analyzed separately for each of the five sets. Internal load measures were collected from participants during the between-set pauses. Results: The three-way within subject ANOVA have showed the that shorter rest (p = 0.013, η$^2$ = 0.561) and a higher number of sets (p = 0.000, η$^2$ = 0.861) lead to higher subjective responses compared to longer rest and fewer sets. Contrary, the subfactors of breathing techniques did not show significant effects (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides insights into the advantages of rest period duration and training volume on subjective load during kumite-karate training sessions for elite-level karate athletes, suggesting that incorporating these factors could be a beneficial approach in designing kumite-karate training. Cilji: Študija je bila namenjena raziskovanju medsebojno odvisnih učinkov trajanja počitka, dihalnih tehnik in obsega vadbe na nastavljeno oceno zaznanega napora pri karateistih na elitnem nivoju. Oprema in metode: V tej študiji je sodelovalo devet vrhunskih športnikov (moški = 6). Organizirali smo šest treningov, od katerih je vsak obsegal 200 gyaku-zuki udarcev, razdeljenih v pet serij s 40 ponovitvami na serijo, z različnimi tehnikami počitka in dihanja (kime, kiai in brez izdiha). Treningi so vključevali kratke (30 sekund) in dolge (90 sekund) počitke, obseg treninga pa je bil analiziran ločeno za vsakega od petih sklopov. Meritve notranje obremenitve so bile zbrane od udeležencev med premori med serijami. Rezultati: Tristranska ANOVA znotraj subjekta je pokazala, da krajši počitek (p = 0,013, η$^2$ = 0,561) in večje število nizov (p = 0,000, η$^2$ = 0,861) vodita do višjih subjektivnih odzivov v primerjavi z daljšim počitkom in manj nizi. Nasprotno pa podfaktorji dihalnih tehnik niso pokazali pomembnih učinkov (p > 0,05). Zaključek: Ta študija zagotavlja vpogled v prednosti trajanja časa počitka in obsega treninga glede subjektivne obremenitve med treningi kumite-karateja za vrhunske karateiste, kar nakazuje, da bi lahko bila vključitev teh dejavnikov koristen pristop pri načrtovanju treninga kumite-karateja. sport karate training gyaku-zuki kime kiai World Karate Federation šport karate trening karateja gyaku-zuki kime kiai Svetovna karate zveza true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-03-11 09:00:56 2026-03-11 09:00:57 2026-03-26 11:12:04 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 191-206 no. 2 Vol. 31 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 796.853.26 2232-4062 10.52165/kinsi.31.2.191-206 258679555 12_Arsenijević_Final_180541.pdf 12_Arsenijević_Final_180541.pdf 1 43738DEE2D97A067C08B0D84053BBA33 c31b616541a3e91f70d8270de4c4933379639e483239b3654edd3c5ca6be538a 336bb250-1d5b-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230135 https://journals.uni-lj.si/kinsi/article/view/22054 0 025966fb-1d20-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=229991 Fakulteta za šport Kinesiologia Slovenica 0 0 0