20.500.12556/RUL-180523 Biomarker dynamics during olympic weightlifting competition gender differences study Dinamika biomarkerjev med olimpijskim dvigovanjem uteži raziskava spolnih razlik Sports competitions are defined as highly stressful environments, especially for the athletes. Apart from psychological, stressors perceived are connected with physical exertion and physiological response. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate physiological response following dynamics of Cortisol (C), alpha-amylase (AA) and testosterone (T) biomarkers during official olympic weightlifting (OW) competition. Additionally, the goal was to evaluate the difference between OW disciplines and the competition stress impact on athletes' nervous and endocrine systems. Lastly, the study aimed to determine the differences according to gender. The sample of participants in this study was 44 weightlifters (17 females). Their mean chronological age was 26.91 ± 7.57 years, body mass of 83.70 ± 23.01 kg, body height of 174.55 ± 11.92 cm, and training experience of 6.62 ± 6.95 years. In this study, saliva samples were collected during an official weightlifting competition and the AA activity and C and T concentrations were determined. The results showed that males have higher levels of T in pre-competition (males, 169.23 ± 52.37; females, 82.93 ± 23.46), post-snatch (males, 193.78 ± 56.77; females, 105.79 ± 36.18) and post-clean and jerk measurement (males, 177.63 ± 54.63; females, 107.00 ± 36.26). However, the percentage of changes shows that females have a higher increase of T through the competition (pre-competition to post-snatch, 27.56%; pre-competition to post-clean and jerk 29.02%) compared to males (pre-competition to post-snatch, 14.51%; pre-competition to post-clean and jerk 4.96%). Conclusively, Olympic weightlifting elicits both endocrine and nervous system activity through measured biomarkers. Furthermore, the snatch is observed as more stressful than clean and jerk, for both genders. Also, females have a greater percentage of increase in T values with lower absolute levels. Hence, knowing the impact of OW on athletes' stress different stress coping techniques should be applied in this sport. Športna tekmovanja so opredeljena kot visoko stresna okolja, še posebej za športnike. Poleg psihološkega so zaznani stresorji povezani s fizičnim naporom in fiziološkim odzivom. Zato je bil cilj te študije raziskati dinamiko biomarkerjev kortizola (C), alfa-amilaze (AA) in testosterona (T) med uradnim tekmovanjem v olimpijskem dvigovanju (OW) uteži. Poleg tega je bil cilj oceniti razlike med disciplinami olimpijskega dvigovanja uteži ter vpliv tekmovalnega stresa na živčni in endokrini sistem športnikov. Nazadnje je študija želela določiti razlike glede na spol. Vzorec udeležencev v tej študiji je bil 44 dvigovalcev uteži (17 žensk). Njihova povprečna kronološka starost je bila 26,91 ± 7,57 let, telesna masa 83,70 ± 23,01 kg, telesna višina 174,55 ± 11,92 cm in trenažna izkušenost 6,62 ± 6,95 let. V tej študiji so bile med uradnim tekmovanjem določene koncentracije C, AA in T. Rezultati so pokazali, da imajo moški višje ravni T v predtekmovalnem obdobju (moški, 169,23 ± 52,37; ženske, 82,93 ± 23,46), po nalogu potega (moški, 193,78 ± 56,77; ženske, 105,79 ± 36,18) in po nalogu izmeta (moški, 177,63 ± 54,63; ženske, 107,00 ± 36,26). Vendar pa odstotek sprememb kaže, da imajo ženske večje povečanje vrednosti T skozi tekmovanje (od predtekmovanja do po nalogu potega, 27,56 %; od predtekmovanja do po nalogu izmeta, 29,02 %) v primerjavi z moškimi (od predtekmovanja do po nalogu potega, 14,51 %; od predtekmovanja do po nalogu izmeta, 4,96 %). Sklepno, olimpijsko dvigovanje uteži povzroča aktivnost tako endokrinega kot živčnega sistema preko merjenih biomarkerjev. Poleg tega je bil nalog potega opažen kot bolj stresen kot nalog izmeta za oba spola. Prav tako imajo ženske večji odstotek povečanja vrednosti T z nižjimi absolutnimi vrednostmi. Zato ob poznavanju vpliva OW na stres športnikov je potrebno v tem športu uporabiti različne tehnike obvladovanja stresa. sport snatch clean and jerk testosterone cortisol alpha-amylase šport poteg izmet testosteron kortizol alfa-amilaza true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-03-11 08:59:28 2026-03-11 08:59:30 2026-03-25 11:40:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 52-68 no. 1 Vol. 31 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 796.88 1318-2269 10.52165/kinsi.31.1.52-68 239526403 04.+BIOMARKER+DYNAMICS+DURING+OLYMPIC_180523.pdf 04.+BIOMARKER+DYNAMICS+DURING+OLYMPIC_180523.pdf 1 EC600A6B6A42370434D54AED2FC686D0 bf128380fa8e6943a1b49c3132b713915343e2b695825dd86bc4cbcf7a9558e6 4f68d50a-1d5c-11f1-b0ab-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=230145 https://journals.uni-lj.si/kinsi/article/view/22144 0 ced1b080-1d1f-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=229973 Fakulteta za šport 0 0 0