20.500.12556/RUL-180307 Plastika v kmetijstvu uporaba in vplivi ostankov plastike na tla ter zelenjadarske pridelovalne sisteme Plastics in agriculture use and impact of residues on soil and vegetable production systems Plastika je zaradi nizkih stroškov, vsestranske uporabnosti in obstojnosti postala nepogrešljiv material sodobnega kmetijstva, pri čemer ima njena uporaba kljub razmeroma majhnemu deležu v svetovni proizvodnji pomemben vpliv na delovanje agroekosistemov. V kmetijski praksi prispeva k večji produktivnosti in učinkovitejši rabi naravnih virov, hkrati pa predstavlja vir onesnaževanja tal, saj se s staranjem in razgradnjo kopiči v tleh v obliki manjših plastičnih delcev, ki lahko prehajajo v vodne in prehranske verige. Namen članka je ovrednotiti znanje o virih, poteh vnosa in okoljskih učinkih mikroplastike (MP) v kmetijskih tleh. Glavni viri vnosa plastičnih delcev v kmetijska tla vključujejo uporabo kompostiranih in fermentiranih organskih ostankov, komunalnega blata, namakanje z odpadno vodo ter razgradnjo in zaoravanje plastičnih zastirnih folij, dodatno pa tudi izluževanje iz neustrezno upravljanih odlagališč odpadkov. Po vnosu v tla se plastični delci vežejo na mineralne in organske komponente ter postanejo del talnega sistema, kar lahko povzroči spremembe gostote tal, stabilnosti agregatov, sposobnosti zadrževanja vode in vodoodbojnosti. Posebna pozornost je v članku namenjena uporabi plastičnih materialov v zelenjadarski pridelavi, kjer kritine rastlinjakov in tunelov, zastirne folije ter namakalni sistemi pomembno prispevajo k uravnavanju mikroklimatskih razmer in stabilnosti pridelave. Na podlagi pregleda literature ugotavljamo, da tudi biorazgradljivi materiali v realnih talnih razmerah pogosto ne dosegajo pričakovane stopnje razgradnje, kar poudarja potrebo po celostni oceni materialov ter razvoju trajnostnih in odgovornih kmetijskih praks za zmanjšanje onesnaženosti tal s plastiko. Plastic has become an indispensable material in modern agriculture due to its low cost, versatility, and durability, and its use, despite representing a relatively small share of global production, significantly impacts agroecosystem functioning. In agricultural practice, plastics contribute to higher productivity and more efficient natural resource use, while also acting as a source of soil contamination, as they accumulate during aging and degradation in the form of smaller particles that can enter aquatic and food chains. This article aims to evaluate current knowledge on the sources, pathways, and environmental impacts of microplastics (MP) in agricultural soils. Major sources of plastic particle input into soils include the application of composted and fermented organic residues, sewage sludge, irrigation with treated wastewater, and the degradation and incorporation of plastic mulches, as well as leaching from improperly managed waste disposal sites. Once incorporated into soils, plastic particles interact with mineral and organic components, becoming part of the soil matrix and potentially altering soil bulk density, aggregate stability, water retention capacity, and hydrophobicity. Special attention is given to the use of plastics in vegetable production, where greenhouse and tunnel coverings, mulching films, and irrigation systems play a key role in regulating microclimatic conditions and stabilizing yields. A review of the literature indicates that even biodegradable materials frequently fail to achieve their expected degradation rates under field conditions, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluation of materials and the development of sustainable and responsible agricultural practices to mitigate soil plastic contamination. kmetijska plastika pridelava zelenjave mikroplastika onesnaženje agricultural plastic vegetable production microplastics pollution true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Članek v reviji 2026-03-05 14:30:44 2026-03-05 14:30:55 2026-04-13 12:56:59 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 13 str. št. 2 Letn. 69 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2026-01-30 631.4:678 1854-3073 10.14720/abs.69.2.25804 270641667 ACTA25_69_2_clanek5_Zeleznikar_a4_.pdf ACTA25_69_2_clanek5_Zeleznikar_a4_.pdf 1 95D8889F1CBE11A6CB845B5C9E86A72A eff272bf921cedf9ce6e6fae89c51d9add661f1ba74d3e7a400a1a79bfb6625f 3f029dd0-1897-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=229555 Biotehniška fakulteta Acta biologica slovenica 0 0 0