20.500.12556/RUL-179776 Design and optimization of phospholipid vesicles for topical betamethasone dipropionate Betamethasone dipropionate is a topical corticosteroid widely used to treat common dermatoses and skin disorders. However, the poor skin penetration of traditional Betamethasone dipropionate formulations can impair therapeutic outcomes. In the present study, betamethasone dipropionate was formulated in phospholipid vesicles to maximize its benefits and minimize its side effects. Liposomes and transfersomes were developed using the direct sonication method and thoroughly characterized by light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), rheological analysis and skin permeation studies. Human skin epithelial-like cells were used to study how the phospholipid vesicles affected cell proliferation and morphology. Both the liposomes and transfersomes were nanosized, spherical and predominantly unilamellar, but the transfersomes were smaller, more homogeneous and stable on storage due to the presence of Tween® 80. The latter was also responsible for a higher viscosity, which decreased at 32°C, the temperature of the skin surface, as determined by rheological analysis. Furthermore, tests of the formulations in skin cells showed the absence of cytotoxicity and increased skin permeation. Phospholipid vesicles represent a promising approach for betamethasone dipropionate delivery, as they are characterized by high stability and cytocompatibility. These properties may improve the therapeutic outcomes and minimize the side effects of betamethasone dipropionate, encouraging further investigation to confirm the effective and safe use of betamethasone dipropionate nanoformulations on the skin. betamethasone dipropionate phospholipid vesicles ultrastructural analysis keratinocyte proliferation delivery to the skin betametazondipropionat fosfolipidni vezikli ultrastrukturna analiza proliferacija keratinocitov vnos skozi kožo dermatološka zdravila nanodelci liposomi fosfolipidi true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-02-25 04:02:28 2026-02-25 08:04:31 2026-02-26 04:31:31 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 11 str. art. 107363 Jan. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 66.017-022.513.2:616-097 1879-0720 10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107363 255995395 1-s2.0-S0928098725003604-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0928098725003604-main.pdf 1 AA4EBC6A11D4BD45244BD0B79798C025 26c6fe97cea70990c364aa72e1d84889e6402973671177515b5ead53a464294a 58016be6-1218-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=228623 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928098725003604 1 22901bd0-11f6-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=228604 Fakulteta za farmacijo 0 0 0