20.500.12556/RUL-179200 Merske značilnosti testa počepanja na inercijski napravi pri starejših odraslih magistrsko delo VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF FLYWHEEL SQUAT TEST FOR OLDER ADULTS Namen magistrskega dela je bil preveriti merske karakteristike testa Počepanja na inercijski napravi pri starejših odraslih. Preverjali smo medobiskovno zanesljivost in veljavnost rezultatov testa, in sicer v primerjavi z že uveljavljenima funkcionalnima testoma Vstani in pojdi ter Vstajanje s stola, ter z rezultati moči iztegovalk in upogibalk kolena, izmerjenimi z izokinetičnim dinamometrom. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 30 preizkušancev, starih med 54 in 81 let (8 moških in 22 žensk). Preizkušanci so testiranja opravili trikrat: prvi dve testiranji sta bili izvedeni v razmaku enega tedna, tretje pa deset tednov po drugem testiranju. Na vsakem obisku so v naključnem zaporedju izvedli štiri gibalne teste: Počepanje na inercijski napravi, Iztegovanje kolena na izokinetični napravi, Vstani in pojdi ter Vstajanje s stola, da bi se izognili morebitnemu sistematičnemu vplivu utrujenosti. Rezultati so pokazali, da je test Počepanja na inercijski napravi pri starejših odraslih zanesljiv tako po meri relativne zanesljivosti (intraklasni korelacijski koeficient ICC2.1) kot tudi absolutne zanesljivosti (koeficient variance, CV). Po kriteriju ICC2.1 smo ugotovili dobro do odlično zanesljivost (ICC2.1 > 0,75; CV < 10 %). Zanesljivost smo preverjali na treh spremenljivkah – hitrosti, sili in moči – pri čemer se je izkazalo, da je hitrost najzanesljivejša, medtem ko je moč najbolj spremenljiva. Najvišjo zanesljivost smo zaznali pri hitrosti pri bremenu 0,075 kg∙m2 (ICC2.1 = 0,89), najnižjo pa pri moči pri bremenu 0,025 kg∙m2 (ICC2.1 = 0,76). Test se je izkazal tudi za veljavnega, saj so bili rezultati statistično značilno povezani z rezultati testov Vstani in pojdi ter Vstajanje s stola. Moč povezav se je povečevala s številom obiskov. Rezultati testa Počepanja na inercijski napravi so bili statistično značilno povezani tudi z rezultati izokinetičnega testiranja. Ugotovili smo visoko povezanost mehanskih spremenljivk koncentričnega dela počepa z močjo iztegovalk in upogibalk kolena ter zmerno do visoko povezanost v ekscentričnem delu, tako pri 60 °/s kot 180 °/s. Naša raziskava potrjuje, da je test Počepanja na inercijski napravi kompleksen, vendar uporaben način za ocenjevanje moči spodnjih okončin pri starejših odraslih. Ugotavljamo, da je seznanjanje s testnim protokolom in izvedba nekaj uvajalnih ponovitev ključno za zagotavljanje veljavnih in zanesljivih rezultatov. Na podlagi ugotovitev zaključujemo, da je za starejše odrasle ustrezno spoznavanje s testom ključni del tako izvedbe vadbe kot meritev na inercijskih napravah, saj gre za koordinacijsko zahtevnejše gibanje z izrazitejšim obremenjevanjem v ekscentrični faz počepa. The aim of this master’s thesis was to examine the measurement characteristics of the Flywheel Squat test in older adults. We assessed both the test–retest reliability and validity of the Flywheel Squat test, comparing the results with established functional tests, namely the Timed Up and Go and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand tests, as well as knee extensor and flexor strength measured on an isokinetic device. A total of 30 participants, aged 54 to 81 years (8 men and 22 women), were included in the study. Participants attended three testing sessions: the first two sessions were conducted one week apart, and the third session was performed 10 weeks after the second. During each visit, participants performed four tests in randomized order: Flywheel Squat, knee extension and flexion on an isokinetic device, Timed Up and Go, and Five Times Sit-to-Stand. Randomization was used to minimize the systematic effects of fatigue on test outcomes. The main findings indicate that the Flywheel Squat test in older adults provides reliable results, both in terms of relative reliability, represented by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1), and absolute reliability, represented by the coefficient of variation (CV), within the expected limits (ICC2.1 = 0,75–1; CV < 10 %). According to the ICC2.1 criterion, good to excellent reliability (ICC2.1 > 0,75; CV < 10%) was observed for three squat mechanical variables (velocity, force, and power) with velocity being the most and power the least reliable. The highest reliability for velocity was observed at a load of 0,075 kg∙m² (ICC2.1 = 0,89), while the lowest reliability was found for power at a load of 0,025 kg∙m² (ICC2.1 = 0,76). Validity analysis showed that the Flywheel Squat test is a valid assessment in older adults, exhibiting statistically significant correlations with the established functional tests Timed Up and Go and Five Times Sit-to-Stand. The strength of these correlations increased with the number of visits, highlighting the importance of familiarization with the test protocol. The Flywheel Squat test also showed significant correlations with isokinetic strength measurements, with high correlations observed between mechanical variables in the concentric phase of the squat with knee flexor and extensor strength, and moderate to high correlations between mechanical variables in the eccentric phase of the squat with knee flexor and extensor strength, at both 60°/s and 180°/s. In conclusion, the Flywheel Squat is a complex but useful and valid test for assessing lower extremity strength and power in older adults. Initial familiarization and introductory repetitions are necessary to ensure valid and reliable results. Our findings underscore that familiarization with the test protocol is a crucial component of both training and assessment on flywheel devices among the older adults, given the technical demands and accentuated eccentric loading, which may be particularly challenging for this age group. Inercija starostniki zanesljivost veljavnost testiranje Inertia older adults reliability validity testing true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-02-07 07:15:45 2026-02-07 07:15:53 2026-02-24 13:38:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 64363 269467139 34303.pdf 34303.pdf 1 15BCF9CE7C94DE060DBFDFA0F1DF89FD 639f042194601d698209d0f6b7befb5d4c9f6f3daa683f3dc9c677ba0a34691c 5a65805f-03ec-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=227492 Fakulteta za šport 0 0 0