20.500.12556/RUL-178682 Ikonografija minljivosti v emblemih prvih kranjskih akademikov emblemski osnutki Janeza Gregorja Dolničarja in njihova slikarska izvedba v akademski spominski knjigi The vanitas iconography in the emblems of the first Carniolan academicians emblematic preparatory sketches by Janez Gregor Dolničar and the painted versions in the academic memorial book Članek predstavi rezultate raziskav ikonografije vanitas v emblemih Spominske knjige Ljubljanske plemiške družbe sv. Dizma (Theatrum Memoriae Nobilis ac Almae Societatis Unitorum, Arhiv Republike Slovenije, AS 1073, Zbirka rokopisov, I/1) ter v emblemskih osnutkih, ki jih je zasnoval njen tajnik in idejni vodja Janez Gregor Dolničar v letih (1689–1719). Ikonografska analiza Dolničarjevih emblemskih osnutkov z motivi vanitas, ki so ohranjeni v njegovi Konceptni knjigi (Semeniška knjižnica v Ljubljani, rkp. 6), opredeli vsebinske značilnosti emblemov in njihovo specifiko v kontekstu idejne zasnove spominske knjige. Ključna ikonografska značilnost Dolničarjevih osnutkov za člane Akademije Zedinjenih, prvega akademskega združenja na Kranjskem, je zmanjševanje vloge klasičnih simbolnih podob minljivosti v korist motiva srca, ki je v emblematiki uveljavljen simbol človeškega življenja in njegove minljivosti, hkrati pa kot simbol akademije predstavlja složnost in skladnost Zedinjenih akademikov. Originalnost emblemskih osnutkov je tudi v tem, da Dolničar vanje vključuje ikonografske prvine, povezane z življenjem in delom članov akademije, ter s tem ustvari izvirne individualizirane embleme. Članek ob tem opozarja na vsebinsko in oblikovno vpetost obravnavanih emblemov v zgodnjenovoveško emblematiko ter identificira najpomembnejše vire, v katerih je Dolničar iskal navdih za svoje osnutke. Posebna pozornost je posvečena razlikam med osnutki v Dolničarjevi Konceptni knjigi in njihovo slikarsko izvedbo na vpisnih straneh Spominske knjige Ljubljanske plemiške družbe sv. Dizma ter iskanju razlogov za spremembe. Raziskave kažejo, da spremembe niso zgolj posledica vizualnih izraznih možnosti, ki jih daje slikarska tehnika gvaša z občasnimi dodatki pozlate, ampak vključujejo tudi ikonografske prvine. Izkaže se, da so ikonografski posegi običajno res posledica zahtev člana akademije, za katerega je bil emblem izdelan, vendar je hkrati očitno, da so velikokrat ustvarjalni prispevek slikarskih mojstrov, kot je bil Andrej Trost, ki so dobro poznali emblematiko in bili dovolj suvereni, da so v emblemske sličice vnesli vsebinska dopolnila in izboljšave. The article presents the results of research into the vanitas iconography in both the emblems of The Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas (Theatrum Memoriae Nobilis ac Almae Societatis Unitorum, Arhiv Republike Slovenije, AS 1073, Zbirka rokopisov, I/1) and their preparatory sketches by Janez Gregor Dolničar, the first secretary and the spiritus agens of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas, or the Academia Unitorum as it was called in Latin. The original sketches are preserved in Dolničar’s Concept Book, kept in the Ljubljana Seminary Library (Semeniška knjižnica v Ljubljani, rkp. 6). The analysis of the preparatory sketches and the final form of the emblems in the miniatures of Theatrum memoriae focuses on the implementation of the vanitas motifs, which rarely appear in their classical form. However, when they do, they are always accompanied by the symbol of the heart (the emblem of Academia Unitorum), which provides new layers of allegorical meaning. More often still, the heart is used as the key figure of the vanitas emblems. The decision is not arbitrary, because Dolničar carefully interweaves the established iconography of the heart as a symbol of both vitality and transience of human life with the heart as the emblem of Academia Unitorum, which in this function primarily symbolizes Concordia – concord, unanimity and intellectual friendship of academicians. Dolničar’s preparatory sketches reveal his profound knowledge of early modern emblematics, and it is possible to identify the most important emblem books which he had used as source of inspiration. However, the most important characteristic of Dolničar’s emblems is their “personalization”. The first secretary, who also provided short curricula vitae of members for the Theatrum memoriae, incorporates allusions to the academicians’ life and work, their virtues, merits, and so on, in the iconography of each individual emblem. By fusing the traditional iconographic elements of the heart as a symbol of human transience with the iconography of the heart as the emblem of concord and personally based iconographic elements, he creates original emblems that make the Ljubljana Album a unique academic emblem book. Special attention is also paid to the transformation of Dolničar’s preparatory sketches into the final form of painted emblems in The Album of St Dismas’ Society, because it is obvious that the emblems in the album are not only enriched in their visual complexity provided by skilled miniaturists using the technique of gouache with occasional touch of gold. Quite often, the iconography is also remarkably elaborated and refined. There is no doubt that iconographical changes are usually the result of the commissioning academician’s requests; however, the research shows that the painters like Andreas Trost, who were well versed in the art of emblems, actively participated in this process or even initiated it. Spominska knjige ljubljanske plemiške družbe sv. Dizma Dolničarjeva Konceptna knjiga Dizmova kronika Academia Unitorum ikonografija srca ikonologija knjižna iluminacija zgodnjenovoveške emblemske knjige renesančna emblematika baročna emblematika vanitas Janez Gregor Dolničar Andrej Trost The Album of the Ljubljana Noble Society of St Dismas Dolničar's Concept Book Academia Unitorum iconography of heart iconology manuscript illumination early modern emblem books Renaissance emblematics Baroque emblematics vanitas Janez Gregor Dolničar Andreas Trost true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Članek v reviji 2026-01-29 11:50:29 2026-03-04 15:04:45 2026-03-09 10:46:56 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 157-193 št. 1 Letn. 19 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 75.057(497.4) 1854-9632 10.4312/ars.19.1.157-193 246673667 244304131 Germ.pdf Germ.pdf 1 56340055B359E80F4A6D767A409505FD b67c7348cc6076be0aaabb4a70a8eee5872c1285a1715bca224bf50a20cd1b9b 58fbb12b-fd00-11f0-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=226616 https://journals.uni-lj.si/arshumanitas/article/view/23513 0 3900c2d0-1891-11f1-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=229531 Filozofska fakulteta Ars & humanitas 0 0 0