20.500.12556/RUL-178351 Women in science, technology and innovation, and stem higher education a comparative analysis of policies addressing gender issues in India, Portugal and Serbia Recognising the imperative in the 21st century for science, technology, and innovation (STI) to support economic growth and prepare citizens for future jobs, while also considering the gender disparities and biases prevalent in these fields, this research aimed to identify the mechanisms for improving female participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in higher education in India, Portugal and Serbia. The study analysed national policies on gender equality using documental deductive analysis structured around categories based on UNESCO’s SAGA Toolkit. Although the three countries have different geopolitical positions – Portugal is a member of the European Union (EU), Serbia is a candidate for EU membership, and India is part of the BRICS economic alliance – the results revealed a principal similarity: none of the documents fully addressed all the categories promoting women in STEM higher education. Based on this finding, there is a need for broader gender mainstreaming in these policies. gender equality policies STEM in higher education gender in STI women in STEM policy analysis žensko vprašanje politike enakosti spolov STEM v visokošolskem izobraževanju spol in znanost spol in inovacije ženske na področjih STEM analiza politike true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-01-23 13:36:26 2026-01-23 13:36:26 2026-01-24 04:32:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 23-42 [št.] 1 Letn. 31 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-01-01 305 1318-5160 10.4312/as/19861 235579395 AS_2025_1_1_women-in-science.pdf AS_2025_1_1_women-in-science.pdf 1 878265A962405A2A4F8BD01D58F79367 52451ade05d3303c6aad2f0b6306da837254bcdd5c7cb89a63b41541f40d6fe4 1698d210-f859-11f0-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=226131 https://journals.uni-lj.si/AndragoskaSpoznanja/article/view/19861/18377 1 22521354-f858-11f0-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=226130 Filozofska fakulteta Andragoška spoznanja 0 0 0