20.500.12556/RUL-178276 Seasonality in perovskite solar cells insights from 4 years of outdoor data Insights are reported from a 4-year outdoor study in Berlin using encapsulated p–i–n perovskite solar cells with the structure ITO | 2PACz | Cs0.15FA0.85PbI2.55Br0.45 (bandgap of 1.65 eV) | C60 | SnO2 | Cu. Peak summer performance showed little to no degradation during the first two summers and only ≈2% absolute drop in outdoor power conversion efficiency from the first to fourth summer. Despite good stability, the devices exhibit significant seasonality, with winter performance up to 30% lower than in summer during the first year, increasing with aging. The factors contributing to this seasonality are separated into four categories: I) solar spectrum, II) device temperature, III) maximum power point tracking losses, and IV) metastability effects. Among these, metastability – particularly light-soaking behavior – is the largest contributing factor that sets perovskite technology apart from conventional photovoltaics. It was found that in cold, low-light winter conditions, voltage gains from light-soaking remain unsaturated, leading to reduced performance. Full saturation requires more than 24 h of continuous illumination, indicating that device performance depends on more than a single diurnal cycle. This comprehensive analysis highlights the complexity of seasonal behavior and the importance of long-term, real-world testing for accurate forecasting of perovskite photovoltaic energy yield. photovoltaics solar cell perovskite loss analysis fotovoltaika sončna celica perovskit analiza izgub true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-01-22 12:15:32 2026-01-22 12:15:36 2026-01-23 04:38:07 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 10 str. issue 35, art. 2501906 Vol. 15 Sep. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 621.383.51 1614-6840 10.1002/aenm.202501906 242478339 Advanced_Energy_Materials_-_2025_-_Remec_-_Seasonality_in_Perovskite_Solar_Cells__Insights_from_4_Years_of_Outdoor_Data.pdf Advanced_Energy_Materials_-_2025_-_Remec_-_Seasonality_in_Perovskite_Solar_Cells__Insights_from_4_Years_of_Outdoor_Data.pdf 1 47509EF6D80940AB92E6C5FE4DF56BDB 7bcce08e5d0a405b0e9394d0640257f394334f64f047665b94eda7e703d8e298 dab60430-f783-11f0-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=225968 https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.202501906 1 ae16f929-f783-11f0-a1ba-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=225966 Fakulteta za elektrotehniko 0 0 0