20.500.12556/RUL-177790 Mapping blended learning activities to students’ digital competence in VET While blended learning facilitates digital literacy development, the specific design models and student factors contributing to this process remain underexplored. This study examined the relationship between various blended learning design models and digital literacy skill acquisition among 106 upper-secondary Vocational Education and Training (VET) students. Relationships among student activities, digital competencies, and prior blended learning experience were analyzed. Engagement in collaborative, task-based instructional designs—specifically collaborative projects and regular quizzing supported by digital tools—was positively associated with digital competence. Conversely, passive participation in live sessions or viewing pre-recorded videos exhibited a comparatively weaker association with competence development. While the use of virtual/augmented reality and interactive video correlated positively with digital tool usage, it did not significantly predict perceptions of online safety or content creation skills. Students with prior blended learning experience reported higher proficiency in developmental competencies, such as content creation and research, compared to their inexperienced peers. Cluster analysis identified three distinct student profiles based on technical specialization and blended learning experience. Overall, these findings suggest that blended learning implementation should prioritize structured collaboration and formative assessment. blended learning digital competence intrinsic motivation vocational education self-determination theory digitalne kompetence kombinirano učenje poklicno izobraževanje strokovno izobraževanje intrinzična motivacija teorija samoodločanja true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-01-07 13:49:36 2026-01-07 13:49:43 2026-08-31 10:44:52 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 1-16 15. dec. 2025 [issue] 118 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-12-15 377 2414-4088 10.3390/mti9120118 262118915 mti-09-00118.pdf mti-09-00118.pdf 1 6FABE397355CC5CFEAAC7E9205DB00C9 240fd9fa9bade9483f0643d75cf94e66b6e4dbb485d43602d3a74859fdb0f123 1793a77b-ebc9-11f0-bf92-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=225115 https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/9/12/118 1 55d5f03f-ebc7-11f0-bf92-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=225110 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0