20.500.12556/RUL-176482 Multiaxial characterization of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic flax bio-composites using a modified Arcan fixture and digital image correlation This study investigates the mechanical behavior, stress–strain states and damage evolution of flax-fiber reinforced polymer composites under various loading angles using Arcan specimens with V-notches. Three stacking sequences, cross-ply [0/90]▫$_{4s}$▫, quasi-isotropic [45/−45/0/90]▫$_{2s}$▫, and angled cross-ply [45/−45]▫$_{4s}$▫, were examined to assess their response to combined tension and shear loading at angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to capture detailed strain fields and principal strain orientations, enabling direct comparison with numerical predictions from finite element modelling. Results show that the [45/−45]▫$_{4s}$▫ laminate exhibits superior shear load-bearing capacity due to the transformation of shear into tensile and compressive stresses within ±45° plies. Notch sensitivity varied significantly among laminates, with the [45/−45/0/90]▫$_{2s}$▫ configuration showing greater damage tolerance, a smaller strength drop at off-axis angles, and a reduced notch effect compared to cross-ply laminates. The study reveals complex strain localization patterns and fiber-matrix interactions influencing crack initiation and propagation. These findings enhance the understanding of anisotropic damage mechanisms in natural fiber composites and provide valuable insights for optimizing biocomposite layups in structural applications subjected to multiaxial stress–strain states. flax fiber bio-epoxy digital image correlation finite element method lanena vlakna bio-epoksi digitalna korelacija slike metode končnih elementov true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-12-02 10:34:36 2025-12-02 10:34:45 2025-12-21 04:14:36 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 17 str. art. 109059 Vol. 154 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 620.1 1873-2348 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109059 259435011 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941825003733?via%3Dihub 1 c18a2429-cf61-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=222830 RAZ_Bergant_Zoran_2025.pdf RAZ_Bergant_Zoran_2025.pdf 1 545F244A54170F6FD3BBA559433200B9 0544d7b1c2aea5d9a7c1991603145fa4651009f4c04605017c434b02ff86d194 0240f98d-cf62-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=222831 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0