20.500.12556/RUL-176191 How close are opportunistic rainfall observations to providing societal benefit? Mitigation of water-related hazards as well as sustainable water resources management are conditioned on accurate and detailed spatio-temporal rainfall observations. Today, water authorities like National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NHMS) in developed countries operate observation systems consisting of meteorological stations and weather radars. These observations provide state-of-the-art precipitation products, but they remain error prone due to device-specific limitations. This has driven growing interest in opportunistic sensors (OS) of rainfall, primarily Commercial Microwave Links (CML) and Personal Weather Stations (PWS). In the Global South, where meteorological station networks are usually very sparse, OS rainfall data conceivably has an even higher potential to provide an added value. However, although numerous studies have demonstrated the capability and potential of accurate rainfall estimation by OS, no dedicated investigation has been made with regard to their application for operational monitoring and prediction. How close are OS rainfall data to providing societal benefit, e.g. by widespread integration in existing hydro-meteorological observation and prediction systems? We address this question by (1) making a review of studies that use OS rainfall data in applications (rainfall mapping, nowcasting and hydrological prediction), (2) providing a status report on the transition from research to operational usage from the perspective of EU COST Action OpenSense, and (3) discussing the challenges NHMS face in deploying OS rainfall data in operational services. We conclude that while distinct challenges still remain, in terms of both access and processing, the applicability of OS rainfall data is well scientifically supported and operation is underway in several countries. rainfall data opportunistic sensor review study hydrological prediction podatki o padavinah oportunistični senzorji pregledna študija hidrološke napovedi true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-11-24 15:30:19 2025-11-24 15:30:26 2025-12-03 03:44:17 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 1585-1602 Letn. 26 iss. 11 2025 0000-00-00 PostprintKoncna Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 502/504:556 1525-755X 10.1175/JHM-D-25-0043.1 249021955 1-s2.0-S1470160X25012968-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S1470160X25012968-main.pdf 1 378EB8BFD8E17784E3096C76B699AD77 7fe42362b93ec32f71dddd165ca143fa770ab04cdedfde5333b04776fc5b1a0c e4360125-c941-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=222447 https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/26/11/JHM-D-25-0043.1.xml 1 c65c1a08-c941-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=222446 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo 0 0 0