20.500.12556/RUL-175883 Eliminating seasonal energy storage needs through envelope design real-world cost analysis of quadruple glazing in office buildings Space-heating peaks and associated seasonal storage needs remain the bottleneck for zero-emission buildings; windows are pivotal because their thermal losses set winter demand. This study’s objective is to quantify the energy, peak-load, and life-cycle-cost (LCC) impacts of argon-filled quadruple glazing (QGU) relative to triple (TGU) and quintuple (5GU) units, and to derive a climate-robust and energy price level criterion for adoption. We coupled multilayer window models to a dynamic simulation (IDA ICE) of an office floor in two climates (Ljubljana, Oslo) across four native SHGC levels, then performed a 30-year LCC analysis using observed manufacturing prices, gross-margin assumptions, and electricity-price scenarios; we mapped cost-parity as a function of heating-degree-days (HDD). QGU systematically reduced delivered heating energy and peak heating power versus TGU, with a small cooling increase, yielding LCC parity in colder conditions at observed prices and margins; in milder climates, parity depended on higher electricity prices or lower margins. The research con- tributes (i) the first LCC assessment of commercially manufactured argon-filled QGU grounded in measured pricing and dynamic simulation, and (ii) an HDD-based adoption criterion that links envelope choice to lower winter peaks and reduced seasonal storage requirements without added life-cycle cost, offering guidance for high-WWR design and envelope policy. life-cycle cost analysis quadruple glazing zero-emission buildings high-performance glazing energy efficiency heating demand analiza stroškov življenjskega cikla štirislojna zasteklitev stavbe z ničelnimi emisijami true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2025-11-12 14:08:39 2025-11-12 14:08:48 2026-07-13 14:05:25 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 9 str. art. 104687 Vol. 84 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 621 2213-1396 10.1016/j.seta.2025.104687 256920067 1-s2.0-S2213138825005181-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S2213138825005181-main.pdf 1 25EFD66A71A4E605AB41576CF2C1B16C 73b9e8700184763280a3e0ed5037a6e7aa81128a3273519e43f7359a5363814d 4fcaf418-79ed-11f1-9b0d-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=237254 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213138825005181 1 663609e9-bfc8-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=221814 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0