20.500.12556/RUL-175627 Kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Evropske unije kot "evropsko kaznivo dejanje" in zaseg zasebnega premoženja za zagotovitev reparacij Ukrajini The violation of European Union restrictive measures as a “European criminal offence” and the confiscation of private property to secure reparations for Ukraine EU je v odziv na situacijo v Ukrajini sprejela številne omejevalne ukrepe zoper Rusijo z namenom doseči spoštovanje zadevnih mednarodnopravnih obveznosti s strani te države, pri čemer je vse bolj v ospredju obveznost Rusije zagotoviti reparacije za škodo, nastalo v okviru agresije. Ta članek analizira nedavno sprejeto Direktivo o opredelitvi kaznivih dejanj in sankcij za kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Unije ter Direktivo o povrnitvi in odvzemu sredstev, ki harmonizirata opredelitev kršitve in izogibanja omejevalnim ukrepom EU kot »evropsko kaznivo dejanje« na podlagi 83. člena Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU) ter opredeljujeta sankcije za te kršitve, vključno z zasegom premoženja in možnostjo prenosa tako zaseženega premoženja Ukrajini. Države članice so do sedaj to področje urejale skladno z njihovo nacionalno zakonodajo, pri čemer so predpisovale različne civilne, upravne in kazenske sankcije za kršitve omejevalnih ukrepov. Pri novi ureditvi gre za poenotenje nacionalne zakonodaje držav članic z namenom povečanja učinkovitosti in preprečevanja izogibanja sankcijskim režimom EU. Vendar pa se hkrati zdi, da EU v tem primeru uporablja vzvode kazenskega prava za uveljavitev političnih in gospodarskih interesov unije, med drugim tudi zasega in prenosa premoženja za obnovo Ukrajine, pri čemer pa nova ureditev kršitve omejevalnih ukrepov tudi občutno zaostruje kazenskopravno ureditev v državah članicah ter sproža nekatera pomembna kazenskopravna vprašanja. In response to the situation in Ukraine, the EU has adopted a series of restrictive measures against Russia to ensure compliance with its international legal obligations, including the need to provide reparations for the damage its aggression has caused. The article analyses the recently adopted Directive on the definition of criminal offences and penalties for the violation of Union restrictive measures along with the Directive on asset recovery and confiscation. These instruments harmonise the definition of violations and circumventions of EU restrictive measures as a “European criminal offence” under Article 83 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and establish sanctions for them, including the confiscation of assets and possible transfer of those assets to Ukraine. Until now, this area was regulated by the Member States and their respective national laws, which have encompassed a range of civil, administrative and criminal sanctions for breaching the restrictive measures. The new framework seeks to unify Member States’ legislation with a view to making it more effective and preventing the EU’s sanctions from being circumvented. Yet, at the same time it appears that the EU is utilising the mechanisms of criminal law to further the Union’s political and economic interests, encompassing the confiscation and transfer of assets for the reconstruction of Ukraine. Further, the new regime of sanctions will cause a substantial tightening of the criminal law framework in the Member States and is likely to give rise to a number of significant criminal law issues. omejevalni ukrepi Evropska unija EU Direktiva o opredelitvi kaznivih dejanj in sankcij za kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Unije Direktiva o povrnitvi in odvzemu sredstev zaseg premoženja reparacije restrictive measures European Union Directive on the definition of criminal offences and penalties for the violation of Union restrictive measures Directive on asset recovery and confiscation asset confiscation reparations true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Članek v reviji 2025-11-06 11:33:37 2025-11-06 11:33:46 2026-03-16 11:25:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Str. 527-556 št. 3 Letn. 62 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 341:061.1EU 0040-3598 10.51936/tip.62.3.527 254447875 RAZ_Tekavcic_Veber_Marusa_2025.pdf RAZ_Tekavcic_Veber_Marusa_2025.pdf 1 183EBCF3C80C63C774DE2789877B1A3E 302acb434953ea916f1427237cb415d046db5a03db68831566c27a04ebb5a804 d5d4050c-bafb-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=221460 https://www.fdv.uni-lj.si/revije/znanstvene-revije/teorija-in-praksa/iz-vsebine/teorija-in-praksa-3-2025 Članek v reviji 1 c26c003b-bafb-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=221459 Fakulteta za družbene vede Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0