20.500.12556/RUL-175532 Pomen prehrane pri pacientu po transplantaciji ledvice diplomsko delo The importance of nutrition in a patient after kidney transplantation diploma work Uvod: Transplantacija ledvic je način nadomestnega zdravljenja, ki pomembno izboljša kakovost pacientovega življenja po kronični odpovedi ledvic. Zaradi preprečevanja zavrnitve transplantiranega organa se morajo pacienti držati določenega prehranskega režima. Namen: Predstaviti sodobne smernice prehrane pacientov po transplantaciji ledvic. Metode dela: Opravili smo pregled domače in tuje strokovne ter znanstvene literature od leta 2014 do 2024. Rezultati: Analiza člankov potrjuje, da ima prehrana po transplantaciji ledvice ključno vlogo pri okrevanju in dolgoročnem delovanju presadka. V akutni fazi so potrebe po energiji in beljakovinah povečane, nato se postopoma zmanjšajo. Priporoča se omejen vnos natrija, nasičenih maščob in enostavnih sladkorjev, ob poudarku na zadostnem vnosu prehranskih vlaknin ter nenasičenih maščob. Imunosupresivi vplivajo na presnovo, zato so potrebne individualne prehranske prilagoditve, določena živila lahko zmanjšajo ali povečajo učinkovitost zdravil. Kljub dokazani pomembnosti prehrane le redki pacienti prejmejo strokovno svetovanje. Strukturirana in dolgotrajna prehranska obravnava dokazano izboljšuje presnovni nadzor ter dolgoročne izide. Mediteranska prehrana se je izkazala za posebej učinkovito. Razprava in zaključek: V primerjavi z vsebinami o telesni aktivnosti po transplantaciji ledvic je znanstvena literatura o prehrani po transplantaciji ledvic bistveno manj obsežna. Prehrana ima ključno vlogo pri dolgoročnem uspehu zdravljenja, saj vpliva na delovanje presadka in pojav presnovnih zapletov. Splošne prehranske smernice se nenehno posodabljajo, a kljub temu številni pacienti po odpustu ne prejmejo ustreznega prehranskega svetovanja. To nakazuje potrebo po razvoju nacionalnih prehranskih smernic, utemeljenih na znanstvenih dokazih. Introduction: Kidney transplantation is a method of alternative treatment that significantly improves the quality of a patient's life after the final kidney failure. To prevent rejection of the transplanted organ, patients must adhere to a specific dietary regimen. Purpose: To present modern dietary guidelines for patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: We conducted a review of domestic and foreign professional and scientific literature from 2014 to 2024. Results: The analysis of articles confirms that nutrition plays a crucial role in recovery and long-term function of the kidney graft after transplantation. During the acute phase, energy and protein needs are increased and gradually decrease over time. A reduced intake of sodium, saturated fats, and simple sugars is recommended, with emphasis on adequate dietary fiber and unsaturated fat intake. Immunosuppressive drugs affect metabolism, requiring individualized dietary adjustments, certain foods may also alter drug effectiveness. Despite the proven importance of proper nutrition, few patients receive professional dietary counseling. Structured and continuous nutritional management has been shown to improve metabolic control and long-term outcomes. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be a particularly effective. Discussion and conclusion: Although there are numerous guidelines regarding physical activity after kidney transplantation, the scientific literature on post-transplant nutrition is considerably less extensive. Nutrition plays a crucial role in the long-term success of treatment, as it affects graft function and the occurrence of metabolic complications. General nutritional guidelines are continuously being updated; however, many patients do not receive adequate nutritional counseling after discharge. This highlights the need for ongoing care and the development of national nutritional guidelines based on scientific evidence. diplomska dela zdravstvena nega prehranski režim presaditev ledvic diploma theses nursing care dietary regimen kidney transplantation true false false [A. Čaušević] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-11-01 07:45:46 2025-11-01 07:45:58 2025-12-12 03:38:19 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 0 Ljubljana 26 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616-083 154821 255560195 56957.pdf 56957.pdf 1 E2700AFD6E5D87A1C883639D43B77841 b47160c4a361abfbb7b53f1de15b596cd44ebca1ba6bf9e1685900d6456332cd 23c380ad-b6ee-11f0-9328-0050569b8976 https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=221167 Zdravstvena fakulteta 0 0 0